ELSA voting patterns study

Exploratory analysis - draft version 9

Author

Pierre Walthéry

Published

11 August 2025

Introduction

This document presents preliminary descriptive, uni-, bi- and multivariate analysis of voting at the 2019 General Elections among the 50+, using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing - ELSA at Wave 10.

  • Section 1 presents the variables included in the analysis
  • Section 2 contains information about variable recoding and related issues
  • Section 3 includes unweighted and weighted frequency tables of unrecoded, recoded and derived socio-economic (SEV) and independent (IV) variables.
  • Section 4 documents unweighted and weighted 2-way contingency tables of SEVs and IVs by turnout at the 2019 general elections, age, sex.
  • Section 5 presents additional four way tables of voter turnout at the 2019 GE by SEVs and IVs broken down by age and sex, as well as three way plots of voter turnout at the 2001, 2005, 2015, 2017, 2019 general elections by age, sex.
  • Section 6 presents the results of four series of stepwise logistic regression models of voting at the 2019 GE.

1. Variables included

Table 1: Original and derived variables used in the analysis
Description Name Variable label Valid responses
Age 2 categories AgeCat2 Recoded age, 2 category 6,177
Age 3 categories AgeCat3 Recoded age, 3 category 6,177
Age Gap continuous AgeGap Gap: actual and perceived age (cont.) 5,827
Age Gap 3 categories (exact) AgeCat31 Gap: actual and perceived age (exact) 5,827
Age Gap 3 categories (within 3 years) AgeCat32 Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years) 5,827
Mental Health CFMAP Self-rated mental abilities 6,016
Memory issues CFMETM Self-rated memory 6,014
Grandchildren DIGRAN Whether respondent has any grandchildren/great grandchildren 2,273
Marital status DIMARR (D) Respondent current legal marital status - combined marriage/civil partnershi 6,282
Education/highest qualification EDQUAL educational qualification - info merged from current and previous waves 6,192
Volunteering ERFVOL Whether volunteered: any other help 6,009
Caring for children ERLVOLBA Unpaid help: babysitting or caring for children 6,006
Caring for frail/sick ERLVOLPE Unpaid help: providing personal care for someone who is sick or frail 6,006
Ethnicity ETHNIC HSE ethnic group collapsed into White and Non-white to avoid disclosure 3,697
Life expectancy expectation EXLO80 Expectation (%) that will live to [age] [depends on current age] 5,916
Life expectancy expectation (85+) EXLO90 Expectation (%) that will live to be 85 years old or more 3,074
Whether enough money EXRELA Whether find has too little money to spend on their needs 5,985
Financial future EXRSLF Expectation (%) that will not have enough financial resources to meet needs 5,909
General Health HEHELF Self-reported general health 6,084
Household type HHDTYPB (D) Household Type 6,286
Capacity everyday activities HEADLBA ADL: difficulty bathing or showering 6,286
Internet use HOBB Whether has an internet connection at present 6,231
Financial situation IAFCON How respondent (and partner) getting along financially these days 5,754
Financial decisions IAFIND Who has the final say in big financial decisions 3,686
Sex INDSEX (D) Definitive sex variable: priority disex, dhsex 6,286
Perceived age PSAGF Self-perceived age (in years) 5,913
Happiness PSCEDD Whether was happy much of the time during past week 5,977
Social isolation PSCEDE Whether felt lonely much of the time during past week 5,999
Voted at the 2019 GE SCSPTRVT - 5,458
Charity membership SCORGCH Whether is a member of charitable associations 5,264
Civic engagement SCORGPO Whether is a member of a political party, trade union or environmental groups 5,264
Religion SCORGRL Whether is a member of a church or other religious group 5,264
Sense of community SCLFCOA How much agrees with the statement: I want to give back to my community 5,253
Use of car SPCAR Whether respondent has use of car or van when needed, as a driver or a passenger 6,286
Use of public transport SPTRAA How often respondent uses public transport 6,286
Housing tenure TENUREB Household Tenure 3,698
Past voting behaviour, V1 Past voting record, v1 Voted in past GE (from previous waves 1, 3, 8, 9, 10) 2,165
Past voting behaviour, V2 Past voting record, v2 Voted in past GE (from previous waves 1, 3, 8, 9, 10) 2,165
Social class – NS-SEC W10NSSEC5 (D) Combined NS-SEC 5 category classification (individual) 1,766
Main economic activity WPDES Best description of current situation 6,266
Weights w10xwgt Wave 10 cross-sectional weight -
Table 2: ELSA fieldwork dates and election turnout variables
Name Fieldwork Sample Of which core Vote asked Last GE
Wave 1 2002-03 12,100 11,391 Yes June 2001
Wave 2 2004/05 9,432 8,780 No June 2001
Wave 3 2006/07 9,771 8,810 Yes May 2005
Wave 4 2008/09 11,050 9,886 No May 2005
Wave 5 2010/11 10,274 9,090 No May 2010
Wave 6 2012/13 10,601 9,169 No May 2010
Wave 7 2014/15 9,666, 8,249 No May 2010
Wave 8 2016/17 8,445 7,223 Yes May 2015
Wave 9 2018/19 8,736 7,289 Yes June 2017
Wave 10 2021-23 - - Yes Dec. 2019

Source: ELSA Wave 9 report, Table 1.1; Wikipedia.

2. Variables recoding

Recoding schemes:

  1. Household type (HHDTYPB):
  • Single person (adult) households
  • Families (large + small)
  • 2 adults households
  • Large adults HH
  1. Marital status (DIMARR)
  • Single/never married
  • Married
  • Separated/dicvorced/widowed
  1. Employment status (WPDES)
  • Retired + looking after family/home
  • In employment
  • Long term sick + unemployed
  1. Highest qualification (EDQUAL)

  • Detailed version

    • Degree or equivalent
    • Higher ed below degree
    • A level or equivalent
    • GCSE or equivalent
    • Foreign
    • No qualification

  • Short version

    • Higher education
    • Secondary education
    • Foreign
    • No qualification

Recoding notes and issues

  • There is potentially a large drop in the number of observations resulting from combining the voting records across waves: 4,247. For this reason, missing values were coded as 0. As a result there may be a need to add a control for British vs non British citizenship.

  • Ethnicity has 2,584 missing values. I do not recommend using it.

  • Same with social class: 4,489 respondents had no job information collected .

  • DIGRAN: the number of grandchildren was asked at Wave 4 then pushed forward (ELSA User Guide Wave 5 p14). As a result, there is large number of missing values at Wave 10.

  • Age gaps continuous was coded as biological age - self perceived age

  • Expectation to live to 85 and beyond: the original variable is recorded as subjective probability expressed as percentage (1-100%). The recoded variable was constructed as whether this probability is greater than 50%.

3. Univariates results

Results are presented as follows, under each tab below:

  1. Unweighted frequencies and proportions of the original variables, unrecoded
  2. Weighted frequencies and proportions of the recoded (ie missing/invalid values removed) variables

Please note that in the case of newly derived variable 1. and 2. will be identical

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded erfvol.f

Category Frequency Percent
[0] Not mentioned 5779 91.9
[-1] Not applicable 242 3.8
[1] Mentioned 230 3.7
[-8] Don’t know 19 0.3
[-9] Refused 16 0.3
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded erfvol.fr

erfvol.fr Frequency Percent
Not mentioned 5713.8713 96.6
Mentioned 201.2256 3.4

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded ethnic.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] White 3600 57.3
NA 2584 41.1
[2] Non-White 97 1.5
[-9] Refusal 4 0.1
[-8] Don’t know 1 0.0
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded ethnic.fr

ethnic.fr Frequency Percent
White 2687.51842 97
Non-White 82.12824 3

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded headlba.f

Category Frequency Percent
[0] Not mentioned 5709 90.8
[1] Mentioned 577 9.2
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded headlba.fr

headlba.fr Frequency Percent
Not mentioned 5590.3078 89.8
Mentioned 635.6922 10.2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded headlbe.f

Category Frequency Percent
[0] Not mentioned 5854 93.1
[1] Mentioned 432 6.9
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded headlbe.fr

headlbe.fr Frequency Percent
Not mentioned 5749.0668 92.3
Mentioned 476.9332 7.7

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hobb.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Yes 5820 92.6
[2] No 411 6.5
NA 38 0.6
[-1] Not applicable 15 0.2
[-9] Refused 1 0.0
[-8] Don’t know 1 0.0
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded hobb.fr

hobb.fr Frequency Percent
Yes 5764.7008 93.4
No 407.0581 6.6

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded iafind.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Both have equal say 2982 47.4
[-1] Not applicable 2515 40.0
[1] Respondent 456 7.3
[2] Partner 232 3.7
NA 68 1.1
[4] Another family member (e.g. son/daughter) 16 0.3
[-9] Refused 10 0.2
[85] Other answer - not codeable 01-04 4 0.1
[-8] Don’t know 3 0.0
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded iafind.fr

iafind.fr Frequency Percent
Both have equal say 2961.70473 79.1
Respondent 471.72511 12.6
Partner 291.22242 7.8
Another family member (e.g. son/daughter) 17.52008 0.5

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded indsex.f

Category Frequency Percent
[2] Female 3545 56.4
[1] Male 2741 43.6
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded indsex.fr

indsex.fr Frequency Percent
Female 3256.367 52.3
Male 2969.633 47.7

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded pscedd.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Yes 5343 85.0
[2] No 634 10.1
[-1] Not applicable 245 3.9
[-8] Don’t know 35 0.6
[-9] Refused 29 0.5
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded pscedd.fr

pscedd.fr Frequency Percent
Yes 5192.4537 88.2
No 693.9906 11.8

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded pscede.f

Category Frequency Percent
[2] No 5208 82.9
[1] Yes 791 12.6
[-1] Not applicable 245 3.9
[-9] Refused 25 0.4
[-8] Don’t know 17 0.3
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded pscede.fr

pscede.fr Frequency Percent
No 5082.6071 86
Yes 826.5049 14

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded scorgpo.f

Category Frequency Percent
0 4598 73.1
1 666 10.6
[-1] Not applicable 601 9.6
[-9] Refused 219 3.5
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed 202 3.2
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded scorgpo.fr

scorgpo.fr Frequency Percent
No 4423.9615 87.4
Yes 639.9419 12.6

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded scorgrl.f

Category Frequency Percent
0 4330 68.9
1 934 14.9
[-1] Not applicable 601 9.6
[-9] Refused 219 3.5
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed 202 3.2
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded scorgrl.fr

scorgrl.fr Frequency Percent
No 4273.7744 84.4
Yes 790.1289 15.6

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded spcar.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Yes 5527 87.9
[2] No 759 12.1
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded spcar.fr

spcar.fr Frequency Percent
Yes 5413.7511 87
No 812.2489 13

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE01.f

Category Frequency Percent
NA 3923 62.4
1 1935 30.8
0 344 5.5
[-1] Item not applicable 78 1.2
[-9] Not answered (99) 6 0.1
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE01.fr

VotGE01.fr Frequency Percent
Voted 1406.9736 84.4
Didn’t vote 260.5015 15.6

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE05.f

Category Frequency Percent
NA 3547 56.4
[1] Yes 2113 33.6
[0] No 336 5.3
[-9] Not answered 251 4.0
[-1] Item not applicable 39 0.6
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE05.fr

VotGE05.fr Frequency Percent
Voted 1534.7068 84.6
Didn’t vote 278.9185 15.4

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE15.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Mentioned 2862 45.5
NA 2129 33.9
[0] Not mentioned 916 14.6
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed 346 5.5
[-3] No valid answer 33 0.5
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE15.fr

VotGE15.fr Frequency Percent
Voted 2291.5367 76.5
Didn’t vote 704.3873 23.5

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE17.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Mentioned 3938 62.6
NA 1590 25.3
[0] Not mentioned 351 5.6
[-1] Not applicable 273 4.3
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed 89 1.4
[-9] Refused 45 0.7
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE17.fr

VotGE17.fr Frequency Percent
Voted 3293.5117 90
Didn’t vote 367.9004 10

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE19.f

Category Frequency Percent
1 4750 75.6
0 708 11.3
[-1] Not applicable 601 9.6
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed 202 3.2
[-9] Refused 25 0.4
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE19.fr

VotGE19.fr Frequency Percent
Voted 4410.6249 83.7
Didn’t vote 857.4437 16.3

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeGap31.f

Category Frequency Percent
Feels younger than age 4273 68.0
Feels their age 977 15.5
Feels older than age 577 9.2
NA 459 7.3
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeGap31.fr

AgeGap31.fr Frequency Percent
Feels younger than age 4044.1966 70.9
Feels their age 953.1533 16.7
Feels older than age 707.7304 12.4

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeGap32.f

Category Frequency Percent
Feels > 3 years younger 4059 64.6
Feels within 3 years of actual age 1414 22.5
NA 459 7.3
Feels > 3 years older 354 5.6
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeGap32.fr

AgeGap32.fr Frequency Percent
Feels > 3 years younger 3813.3832 66.8
Feels within 3 years of actual age 1428.1878 25.0
Feels > 3 years older 463.5093 8.1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmap2.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 2628 41.8
[2] Very good 1927 30.7
[4] Fair 788 12.5
[1] Excellent 544 8.7
[-1] Not applicable 232 3.7
[5] Poor 129 2.1
[-9] Refused 20 0.3
[-8] Don’t know 18 0.3
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmap2.fr

cfmap2.fr Frequency Percent
Good/Fair 3324.799 56.1
Excellent/v good 2450.663 41.4
Poor 148.472 2.5

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmap3.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 2628 41.8
[2] Very good 1927 30.7
[4] Fair 788 12.5
[1] Excellent 544 8.7
[-1] Not applicable 232 3.7
[5] Poor 129 2.1
[-9] Refused 20 0.3
[-8] Don’t know 18 0.3
Total 6286 100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmap3.fr

cfmap3.fr Frequency Percent
Good 2502.1978 42.2
Excellent/v good 2450.6634 41.4
Fair 822.6008 13.9
Poor 148.4720 2.5

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmetm2.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 2619 41.7
[4] Fair 1520 24.2
[2] Very good 1216 19.3
[5] Poor 405 6.4
[1] Excellent 254 4.0
[-1] Not applicable 231 3.7
[-8] Don’t know 21 0.3
[-9] Refused 20 0.3
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmetm2.fr

cfmetm2.fr Frequency Percent
Good/Fair 3995.9139 67.5
Excellent/v good 1509.3828 25.5
Poor 412.9585 7.0

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmetm3.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 2619 41.7
[4] Fair 1520 24.2
[2] Very good 1216 19.3
[5] Poor 405 6.4
[1] Excellent 254 4.0
[-1] Not applicable 231 3.7
[-8] Don’t know 21 0.3
[-9] Refused 20 0.3
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmetm3.fr

cfmetm3.fr Frequency Percent
Good 2507.7826 42.4
Excellent/v good 1509.3828 25.5
Fair 1488.1313 25.1
Poor 412.9585 7.0

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded dimarr.f

Category Frequency Percent
[2] Married, first and only marriage or a civil partner in a registered same-sex Civ 3297 52.4
[6] Widowed or (spontaneous only) a surviving civil partner from a same-sex Civil Pa 813 12.9
[5] Divorced or (spontaneous only) formerly in a same-sex Civil Partnership 812 12.9
[3] Remarried, second or later marriage 639 10.2
[1] Single, that is never married and never registered in a same-sex Civil Partnersh 623 9.9
[4] Separated, but still legally married or (spontaneous only) in a same-sex Civil P 98 1.6
[-9] Refused 2 0.0
[-8] Don’t know 2 0.0
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded dimarr.fr

dimarr.fr Frequency Percent
Married/SP 3945.1649 63.4
Divorced/separated 933.5869 15.0
Single 719.4630 11.6
Widowed 622.8479 10.0

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded edqual.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] nvq4/nvq5/degree or equiv 1724 27.4
[4] nvq2/gce o level equiv 1348 21.4
[2] higher ed below degree 927 14.7
[7] no qualification 849 13.5
[3] nvq3/gce a level equiv 761 12.1
[6] foreign/other 401 6.4
[5] nvq1/cse other grade equiv 182 2.9
[-2] not asked 57 0.9
[-8] don’t know 31 0.5
[-9] refusal 6 0.1
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded edqual.fr

edqual.fr Frequency Percent
Secondary 2433.7212 39.8
Further/Degree level 2244.8089 36.8
Below secondary 988.9854 16.2
Other 440.0333 7.2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded exlo90d.f

Category Frequency Percent
No 4704 74.8
Yes 1582 25.2
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded exlo90d.fr

exlo90d.fr Frequency Percent
No 4425.846 71.1
Yes 1800.154 28.9

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded exrela.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Never 3113 49.5
[2] Rarely 1687 26.8
[3] Sometimes 900 14.3
[-1] Not applicable 241 3.8
[4] Often 171 2.7
[5] Most of the time 114 1.8
[-9] Refused 31 0.5
[-8] Don’t know 29 0.5
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded exrela.fr

exrela.fr Frequency Percent
Never/rarely 4391.7631 74.5
Sometimes 1067.7976 18.1
Often/M of the T 438.1173 7.4

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hehelf2.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 1999 31.8
[2] Very good 1746 27.8
[4] Fair 1154 18.4
[1] Excellent 662 10.5
[5] Poor 523 8.3
[-1] Not applicable 201 3.2
[-8] Don’t know 1 0.0
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded hehelf2.fr

hehelf2.fr Frequency Percent
Good/Fair 3134.6815 52.2
Excel/V good 2267.4736 37.7
Poor 606.3144 10.1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hehelf3.f

Category Frequency Percent
[3] Good 1999 31.8
[2] Very good 1746 27.8
[4] Fair 1154 18.4
[1] Excellent 662 10.5
[5] Poor 523 8.3
[-1] Not applicable 201 3.2
[-8] Don’t know 1 0.0
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded hehelf3.fr

hehelf3.fr Frequency Percent
Excel/V good 2267.4736 37.7
Good 1961.4147 32.6
Fair 1173.2668 19.5
Poor 606.3144 10.1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hhdtypb.f

Category Frequency Percent
NA 2584 41.1
[5] Large adult household 1018 16.2
[2] 2 adults, both 16-59, no children 924 14.7
[6] 2 adults, 1 or both aged 60+, no children 856 13.6
[1] 1 adult aged 16-59, no children 334 5.3
[3] Small family 297 4.7
[7] 1 adult, aged 60+, no children 191 3.0
[4] Large family 81 1.3
[-9] No answer/refused 1 0.0
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded hhdtypb.fr

hhdtypb.fr Frequency Percent
Other 3454.0303 55.5
Two adults HH 1306.6791 21.0
Large adult HH 811.3049 13.0
Single person HH 354.0336 5.7
Family, large or small 299.9522 4.8

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded iafcon.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Manage very well 2559 40.7
[2] Manage quite well 1748 27.8
[3] Get by alright 1239 19.7
[-1] Not applicable 452 7.2
[5] Have some financial difficulties 100 1.6
[4] Don’t manage very well 81 1.3
NA 68 1.1
[6] Have severe financial difficulties 27 0.4
[-9] Refused 8 0.1
[-8] Don’t know 4 0.1
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded iafcon.fr

iafcon.fr Frequency Percent
Manage very well 2146.170 37.8
Manage quite well 1742.698 30.7
Get by alright 1454.581 25.6
Does not manage well 334.778 5.9

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded sptraa.f

Category Frequency Percent
[6] Never 2576 41.0
[5] Once a month or less 2028 32.3
[2] Two or three times a week 555 8.8
[4] Two or three times a month 534 8.5
[3] Once a week 372 5.9
[1] Every day or nearly every day 221 3.5
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded sptraa.fr

sptraa.fr Frequency Percent
Monthly or less 4576.9856 73.5
MT once a month 855.6377 13.7
Several times a week/daily 793.3768 12.7

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded tenureb.f

Category Frequency Percent
NA 2584 41.1
[2] Buying it with the help of a mortgage or loan 1751 27.9
[1] Own it outright 1549 24.6
[4] Rent it 357 5.7
[5] Live here rent free (including rent free in relative’s/frien 34 0.5
[3] Pay part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership) 7 0.1
[-9] Refusal (8) 2 0.0
[-8] Don’t know (9) 2 0.0
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded tenureb.fr

tenureb.fr Frequency Percent
Mortgage 1278.8539 46.2
Owner 1103.4105 39.8
Renter 387.5524 14.0

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded w10nssec5.f

Category Frequency Percent
[-3] Incomplete/No job info collected 4489 71.4
[1] 1 Higher managerial, administrative and professional occupations 818 13.0
[5] Semi-routine and routine occupations 448 7.1
[2] Intermediate occupations 226 3.6
[3] Small employers and own account workers 197 3.1
[4] Lower supervisory and technical occupations 77 1.2
[99] Other 26 0.4
[-9] Refused 5 0.1
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded w10nssec5.fr

w10nssec5.fr Frequency Percent
Higher MAP 989.6569 42.8
Semi-routine/routine 680.5308 29.4
Small emp, lower superv. 392.4098 17.0
Intermediate 252.2919 10.9

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded wpdes.f

Category Frequency Percent
[1] Retired 3916 62.3
[2] Employed 1442 22.9
[3] Self-employed 403 6.4
[5] Permanently sick or disabled 210 3.3
[6] Looking after home or family 164 2.6
[96] SPONTANEOUS: Semi-retired 67 1.1
[4] Unemployed 64 1.0
[85] Other answer - not codeable 01-06 or 96 19 0.3
[86] Irrelevant answer - not codeable 01-06 or 96 1 0.0
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded wpdes.fr

wpdes.fr Frequency Percent
Retired (inc part) 3052.5605 49.2
In employment 2503.5136 40.4
LT sick/disabled 343.2852 5.5
FT carer + unemp. 300.5414 4.8

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeCat2.fr

Category Frequency Percent
50-69 3277 52.1
70+ 2900 46.1
NA 109 1.7
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeCat2.fr

AgeCat2.fr Frequency Percent
50-69 4033.005 66.2
70+ 2057.643 33.8

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeCat3.fr

Category Frequency Percent
50-69 3277 52.1
70-79 1989 31.6
80+ 911 14.5
NA 109 1.7
Total 6286 99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeCat3.fr

AgeCat3.fr Frequency Percent
50-69 4033.0054 66.2
70-79 1420.6240 23.3
80+ 637.0186 10.5

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec2.fr

Category Frequency Percent
NA 4121 65.6
Voted in the past 2087 33.2
None 78 1.2
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec2.fr

VotRec2.fr Frequency Percent
Voted in the past 1529.28659 95.9
None 65.15805 4.1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec0.fr

Category Frequency Percent
NA 4121 65.6
3-4 1743 27.7
1-2 344 5.5
None 78 1.2
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec0.fr

VotRec0.fr Frequency Percent
3-4 1261.87774 79.1
1-2 267.40885 16.8
None 65.15805 4.1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec01.fr

Category Frequency Percent
NA 4121 65.6
3-4 1743 27.7
2 256 4.1
None or 1 166 2.6
Total 6286 100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec01.fr

VotRec01.fr Frequency Percent
3-4 1261.8777 79.1
2 194.4959 12.2
None or 1 138.0710 8.7

Unweighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
psagf 57 16.7 1 60 150 5913 6286 94.1

Weighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
psagf 55.4 16.6 1 55 150 5269.6 5811 90.7

Unweighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
exlo80 59.1 26.9 0 60 100 5916 6286 94.1

Weighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
exlo80 61.2 26.5 0 70 100 5258.8 5798.6 90.7

Unweighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
exlo90 55.1 24.7 0 60 100 3074 6286 48.9

Weighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
exlo90 54.9 26.2 0 60 100 462.8 3714.4 12.5

Unweighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
AgeGap.r 14.2 12.9 0 12 77 5250 6286 83.5

Weighted results

Mean Std.Dev Min Median Max N.Valid N Pct.Valid
AgeGap.r 14 12.8 0 11 77 3844.4 4997.3 76.9

4. Bivariates results

This section contains for each variable used in the study, the following contingency tables:

  1. With voter turnout at the 2019 General Election
  2. With sex
  3. With age, two and three categories

All contingency tables were computed with weighted data and include \(\chi^2\) test of independence.

4.1. Voter turnout at the 2019 GE

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)
50-69 70+
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 658.2 19.51 190.8 10.55
Voted 2715.5 80.49 1618.8 89.45
Total 3373.7 100 1809.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

54.119 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)
50-69 70-79 80+
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 658.2 19.51 126.5 9.9 64.4 12.11
Voted 2715.5 80.49 1151.5 90.1 467.3 87.89
Total 3373.7 100 1278 100 531.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

31.252 1.964 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)
Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 155.4 27.14 127.4 15.32 537.4 14.7
Voted 417.2 72.86 704.1 84.68 3118.9 85.3
Total 572.6 100 831.5 100 3656.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

14.877 1.922 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)
Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 110.1 30.15 515.6 14.82 194.4 16
Voted 255 69.85 2964.4 85.18 1020.8 84
Total 365.1 100 3480 100 1215.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

13.987 1.967 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 267.2 12.22 545.9 18.64 28.7 26.92
Voted 1919.8 87.78 2383 81.36 78 73.08
Total 2187 100 2928.9 100 106.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

13.288 1.984 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 267.2 12.22 195.2 28.08 350.7 15.7 28.7 26.92
Voted 1919.8 87.78 500 71.92 1883 84.3 78 73.08
Total 2187 100 695.2 100 2233.7 100 106.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

19.082 2.957 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 153.4 11.61 614.9 17.23 73 22.18
Voted 1167.6 88.39 2954.2 82.77 256.2 77.82
Total 1321 100 3569.1 100 329.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.985     1.997     0.000
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 153.4 11.61 257.3 19.74 357.6 15.78 73 22.18
Voted 1167.6 88.39 1046 80.26 1908.2 84.22 256.2 77.82
Total 1321 100 1303.3 100 2265.8 100 329.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.425     2.981     0.000
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)
Has gchild None
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 162.5 23.44 232.4 15.43
Voted 530.7 76.56 1273.9 84.57
Total 693.2 100 1506.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.606     1.000     0.003
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)
Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 195.9 25.15 432.7 12.82 152.5 26.17 76.4 14.52
Voted 583.1 74.85 2943.3 87.18 430.1 73.83 449.6 85.48
Total 779 100 3376 100 582.6 100 526 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

21.635 2.737 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Educational level(edqual)
Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 221.1 29.04 175.9 8.96 49.5 13.03 397.9 19.12
Voted 540.3 70.96 1786.4 91.04 330.6 86.97 1682.9 80.88
Total 761.4 100 1962.3 100 380.1 100 2080.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

34.496 2.931 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Volunteered(erfvol)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 823.5 16.34 15.8 9.03
Voted 4214.8 83.66 158.9 90.97
Total 5038.3 100 174.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.384     1.000     0.066
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)
Did childcare No childcare
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 32.9 11.37 806.3 16.39
Voted 256.5 88.63 4114.8 83.61
Total 289.4 100 4921.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.695     1.000     0.101
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)
Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 26.8 18.13 812.4 16.05
Voted 121.1 81.87 4250.3 83.95
Total 147.9 100 5062.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.152     1.000     0.696
Whether voted at 2019 GE by White vs Non-white(ethnic)
White Non-White
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 264.1 11.07 9.7 18.01
Voted 2121.4 88.93 44.3 81.99
Total 2385.5 100 54 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.651     1.000     0.104
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 593.6 16.21 263.9 16.42
Voted 3067 83.79 1343.6 83.58
Total 3660.6 100 1607.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.017     1.000     0.898
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)
Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 489.2 12.34 124.9 36.61 223.4 24.92
Voted 3474.6 87.66 216.3 63.39 673 75.08
Total 3963.8 100 341.2 100 896.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

41.295 1.919 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 715.4 14.87 142.1 31
Voted 4094.4 85.13 316.2 69
Total 4809.8 100 458.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

37.591 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 742.8 15.13 114.7 31.87
Voted 4165.6 84.87 245.1 68.13
Total 4908.4 100 359.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

33.365 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)
Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 205.1 9.99 475.3 17.34 177 37.31
Voted 1847.1 90.01 2265.6 82.66 297.5 62.69
Total 2052.2 100 2740.9 100 474.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

57.529 1.986 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)
Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 205.1 9.99 186.2 18.5 289.1 16.67 177 37.31
Voted 1847.1 90.01 820.3 81.5 1445.3 83.33 297.5 62.69
Total 2052.2 100 1006.5 100 1734.4 100 474.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

38.749 2.966 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)
Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 32.6 12.05 72.4 9.86 583.6 20.64 51.6 16.89 117.2 10.37
Voted 237.7 87.95 662.2 90.14 2243.3 79.36 254 83.11 1013.5 89.63
Total 270.3 100 734.6 100 2826.9 100 305.6 100 1130.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

20.908 3.862 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Internet connection?(hobb)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 746.6 15.22 98.8 30.67
Voted 4160.4 84.78 223.4 69.33
Total 4907 100 322.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

26.042 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Financial situation(iafcon)
Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 87.4 35.46 250.4 21.11 266.6 17.51 194.6 10.28
Voted 159.1 64.54 935.8 78.89 1256.1 82.49 1699.2 89.72
Total 246.5 100 1186.2 100 1522.7 100 1893.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

20.436 2.757 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)
Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 61.4 16.1 64.2 24.62 322.5 12.38 2 12.83
Voted 319.7 83.9 196.4 75.38 2282 87.62 13.7 87.17
Total 381.1 100 260.6 100 2604.5 100 15.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.097     2.598     0.003
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Sex(indsex)
Male Female
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 400.6 16.14 456.9 16.4
Voted 2081.9 83.86 2328.7 83.6
Total 2482.5 100 2785.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.034     1.000     0.854
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 709.2 15.33 123.4 21.9
Voted 3918.3 84.67 440.2 78.1
Total 4627.5 100 563.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.439     1.000     0.004
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Feels lonely?(pscede)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 180 26.49 661.2 14.6
Voted 499.5 73.51 3867.3 85.4
Total 679.5 100 4528.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

27.766 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)
Give back to community Not so much
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 596.8 13.99 208.2 26.41
Voted 3670.4 86.01 580.2 73.59
Total 4267.2 100 788.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

36.895 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)
Member of a charity Not a member
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 53.2 6.8 740.6 17.31
Voted 729.6 93.2 3537.8 82.69
Total 782.8 100 4278.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

27.451 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 738 16.69 55.8 8.72
Voted 3683.2 83.31 584.2 91.28
Total 4421.2 100 640 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

13.533 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 688.9 16.13 104.9 13.29
Voted 3583.1 83.87 684.3 86.71
Total 4272 100 789.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.101     1.000     0.147
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 669.5 14.37 187.9 30.83
Voted 3988.9 85.63 421.7 69.17
Total 4658.4 100 609.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

51.787 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)
Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 636 16.42 93.3 12.69 128.1 19.46
Voted 3238.3 83.58 641.9 87.31 530.5 80.54
Total 3874.3 100 735.2 100 658.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.965     1.964     0.053
Whether voted at 2019 GE by Household Tenure(tenureb)
Mortgage Owner Renter
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 107.5 9.26 91.1 9.52 73.6 22.89
Voted 1053.3 90.74 865.8 90.48 247.9 77.11
Total 1160.8 100 956.9 100 321.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

24.761 1.973 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 65.7 28.97 81.2 6.63
Voted 161.2 71.03 1144 93.37
Total 226.9 100 1225.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

107.096 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 89.4 36.63 86.2 6.27
Voted 154.6 63.37 1290 93.73
Total 244 100 1376.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

194.243 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 167.4 26.17 155.3 7.47
Voted 472.3 73.83 1924.5 92.53
Total 639.7 100 2079.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

146.206 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 221 73.55 213.7 7.14
Voted 79.5 26.45 2779.6 92.86
Total 300.5 100 2993.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

853.408 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)
None Voted in the past
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 38.9 75.81 103.9 7.79
Voted 12.4 24.19 1230.5 92.21
Total 51.3 100 1334.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

230.365 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)
1-2 3-4 None
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 44.9 22.52 59 5.2 38.9 75.81
Voted 154.6 77.48 1075.9 94.8 12.4 24.19
Total 199.5 100 1134.9 100 51.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

147.391 1.995 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)
2 3-4 None or 1
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 22.6 14.86 59 5.2 61.3 61.9
Voted 129.3 85.14 1075.9 94.8 37.7 38.1
Total 151.9 100 1134.9 100 99 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

163.411 1.996 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)
Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 78.4 9.23 43.9 19.6 214.2 37.55 51.8 16.91
Voted 771.2 90.77 180 80.4 356.2 62.45 254.4 83.09
Total 849.6 100 223.9 100 570.4 100 306.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

25.885 2.968 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Economic activity(wpdes)
FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 74.4 29.13 367.5 17.95 114.5 44.42 295.1 11
Voted 181 70.87 1680.3 82.05 143.2 55.58 2387.8 89
Total 255.4 100 2047.8 100 257.7 100 2682.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

36.235 2.867 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)
50-69 70+
Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 658.2 19.51 190.8 10.55
Voted 2715.5 80.49 1618.8 89.45
Total 3373.7 100 1809.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

54.119 1.000 0.000

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)
50-69 70-79 80+
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Didn’t vote 658.2 19.51 126.5 9.9 64.4 12.11
Voted 2715.5 80.49 1151.5 90.1 467.3 87.89
Total 3373.7 100 1278 100 531.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

31.252 1.964 0.000

4.2. Sex

Sex by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)
50-69 70+
Freq % Freq %
Male 1974 48.95 941.6 45.76
Female 2059 51.05 1116.1 54.24
Total 4033 100 2057.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.487     1.000     0.034
Sex by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)
50-69 70-79 80+
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 1974 48.95 669.3 47.11 272.3 42.75
Female 2059 51.05 751.4 52.89 364.7 57.25
Total 4033 100 1420.7 100 637 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.264     1.935     0.015
Sex by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)
Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 299.5 42.32 449.1 47.12 1940.7 47.99
Female 408.2 57.68 504 52.88 2103.5 52.01
Total 707.7 100 953.1 100 4044.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.226     1.961     0.109
Sex by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)
Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 165.7 35.75 1831.3 48.02 692.4 48.48
Female 297.8 64.25 1982.1 51.98 735.8 51.52
Total 463.5 100 3813.4 100 1428.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.143     1.961     0.001
Sex by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 1300.1 53.05 1428 42.95 49.9 33.58
Female 1150.5 46.95 1896.8 57.05 98.6 66.42
Total 2450.6 100 3324.8 100 148.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

21.318 2.000 0.000

Sex by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 1300.1 53.05 338.7 41.17 1089.3 43.53 49.9 33.58
Female 1150.5 46.95 483.9 58.83 1412.9 56.47 98.6 66.42
Total 2450.6 100 822.6 100 2502.2 100 148.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

14.085 2.990 0.000

Sex by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 770.5 51.05 1827.4 45.73 174.3 42.2
Female 738.9 48.95 2168.5 54.27 238.7 57.8
Total 1509.4 100 3995.9 100 413 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.037     1.999     0.007
Sex by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 770.5 51.05 672.8 45.21 1154.7 46.04 174.3 42.2
Female 738.9 48.95 815.4 54.79 1353.1 53.96 238.7 57.8
Total 1509.4 100 1488.2 100 2507.8 100 413 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.439     2.998     0.016
Sex by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)
Has gchild None
Freq % Freq %
Male 405 42.43 917.7 50.57
Female 549.5 57.57 897.2 49.43
Total 954.5 100 1814.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.117     1.000     0.004
Sex by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)
Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 352.8 37.79 2057.1 52.14 387.6 53.87 168.3 27.02
Female 580.8 62.21 1888 47.86 331.9 46.13 454.6 72.98
Total 933.6 100 3945.1 100 719.5 100 622.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

38.207 2.874 0.000

Sex by Educational level(edqual)
Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 402.3 40.68 1240.2 55.25 178.3 40.52 1075.5 44.19
Female 586.7 59.32 1004.6 44.75 261.7 59.48 1358.2 55.81
Total 989 100 2244.8 100 440 100 2433.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

17.782 2.970 0.000

Sex by Volunteered(erfvol)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Male 2704.8 47.34 73.6 36.6
Female 3009 52.66 127.6 63.4
Total 5713.8 100 201.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.777     1.000     0.016
Sex by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)
Did childcare No childcare
Freq % Freq %
Male 101.4 31.39 2675.9 47.87
Female 221.7 68.61 2913.7 52.13
Total 323.1 100 5589.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

17.891 1.000 0.000

Sex by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)
Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Freq % Freq %
Male 67.7 41.43 2709.6 47.13
Female 95.6 58.57 3039.7 52.87
Total 163.3 100 5749.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.949     1.000     0.330
Sex by White vs Non-white(ethnic)
White Non-White
Freq % Freq %
Male 1225.6 45.6 40.2 48.95
Female 1461.9 54.4 41.9 51.05
Total 2687.5 100 82.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.345     1.000     0.557
Sex by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Male 2163.9 48.89 805.8 44.76
Female 2262 51.11 994.4 55.24
Total 4425.9 100 1800.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.972     1.000     0.026
Sex by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)
Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 2133.5 48.58 192.5 43.95 442.4 41.43
Female 2258.3 51.42 245.6 56.05 625.4 58.57
Total 4391.8 100 438.1 100 1067.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.352     1.928     0.014
Sex by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Male 2748.4 49.16 221.3 34.81
Female 2841.9 50.84 414.4 65.19
Total 5590.3 100 635.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

25.791 1.000 0.000

Sex by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
Male 2801.2 48.72 168.4 35.32
Female 2947.9 51.28 308.5 64.68
Total 5749.1 100 476.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

17.365 1.000 0.000

Sex by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)
Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 1073 47.32 1495.5 47.71 265.1 43.73
Female 1194.4 52.68 1639.2 52.29 341.2 56.27
Total 2267.4 100 3134.7 100 606.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.973     1.993     0.378
Sex by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)
Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 1073 47.32 539.8 46.01 955.7 48.72 265.1 43.73
Female 1194.4 52.68 633.5 53.99 1005.7 51.28 341.2 56.27
Total 2267.4 100 1173.3 100 1961.4 100 606.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.096     2.991     0.349
Sex by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)
Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 171.2 57.08 385.2 47.48 1702 49.27 140.3 39.63 571 43.7
Female 128.8 42.92 426.1 52.52 1752.1 50.73 213.7 60.37 735.7 56.3
Total 300 100 811.3 100 3454.1 100 354 100 1306.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.498     3.804     0.000
Sex by Internet connection?(hobb)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Male 2752.2 47.74 180.8 44.4
Female 3012.5 52.26 226.3 55.6
Total 5764.7 100 407.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.005     1.000     0.316
Sex by Financial situation(iafcon)
Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 148.6 44.39 679.7 46.73 835.5 47.95 1004.2 46.79
Female 186.2 55.61 774.9 53.27 907.2 52.05 1142 53.21
Total 334.8 100 1454.6 100 1742.7 100 2146.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.268     2.747     0.832
Sex by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)
Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 238.6 50.58 141.7 48.67 1548.3 52.28 9.6 54.64
Female 233.1 49.42 149.5 51.33 1413.4 47.72 7.9 45.36
Total 471.7 100 291.2 100 2961.7 100 17.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.342     2.873     0.786
Sex by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Male 2463.5 47.44 307.7 44.34
Female 2729 52.56 386.3 55.66
Total 5192.5 100 694 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.354     1.000     0.245
Sex by Feels lonely?(pscede)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Male 314.9 38.1 2459.4 48.39
Female 511.6 61.9 2623.2 51.61
Total 826.5 100 5082.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

16.251 1.000 0.000

Sex by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)
Give back to community Not so much
Freq % Freq %
Male 2027.9 47.37 386.1 48.75
Female 2253.3 52.63 405.9 51.25
Total 4281.2 100 792 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.302     1.000     0.582
Sex by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)
Member of a charity Not a member
Freq % Freq %
Male 324.9 41.48 2079.8 48.59
Female 458.3 58.52 2200.8 51.41
Total 783.2 100 4280.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

10.102 1.000 0.001

Sex by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Male 2046.3 46.26 358.4 56
Female 2377.6 53.74 281.5 44
Total 4423.9 100 639.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

14.073 1.000 0.000

Sex by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
Male 2100.3 49.14 304.4 38.53
Female 2173.5 50.86 485.7 61.47
Total 4273.8 100 790.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

20.421 1.000 0.000

Sex by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
Male 2651.6 48.98 318 39.16
Female 2762.2 51.02 494.2 60.84
Total 5413.8 100 812.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

14.185 1.000 0.000

Sex by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)
Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 2216.8 48.43 392.1 45.83 360.7 45.46
Female 2360.2 51.57 463.5 54.17 432.7 54.54
Total 4577 100 855.6 100 793.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.192     1.985     0.303
Sex by Household Tenure(tenureb)
Mortgage Owner Renter
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 649.4 50.78 455.7 41.3 162 41.79
Female 629.4 49.22 647.7 58.7 225.6 58.21
Total 1278.8 100 1103.4 100 387.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

11.548 1.935 0.000

Sex by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Male 108.5 41.66 631.2 44.86
Female 152 58.34 775.8 55.14
Total 260.5 100 1407 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.999     1.000     0.318
Sex by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Male 125.3 44.93 695 45.29
Female 153.6 55.07 839.7 54.71
Total 278.9 100 1534.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.012     1.000     0.913
Sex by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Male 335.1 47.57 1056.5 46.1
Female 369.3 52.43 1235 53.9
Total 704.4 100 2291.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.458     1.000     0.498
Sex by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Male 188.2 51.15 1526.9 46.36
Female 179.7 48.85 1766.6 53.64
Total 367.9 100 3293.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.096     1.000     0.148
Sex by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)
None Voted in the past
Freq % Freq %
Male 37.4 57.36 670.9 43.87
Female 27.8 42.64 858.4 56.13
Total 65.2 100 1529.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.443     1.000     0.035
Sex by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)
1-2 3-4 None
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 114.1 42.66 556.8 44.13 37.4 57.36
Female 153.3 57.34 705 55.87 27.8 42.64
Total 267.4 100 1261.8 100 65.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.443     1.994     0.087
Sex by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)
2 3-4 None or 1
Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 80.2 41.26 556.8 44.13 71.2 51.57
Female 114.3 58.74 705 55.87 66.9 48.43
Total 194.5 100 1261.8 100 138.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.921     1.992     0.147
Sex by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)
Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 502.8 50.8 77.2 30.58 292.7 43.01 244.8 62.39
Female 486.9 49.2 175.1 69.42 387.8 56.99 147.6 37.61
Total 989.7 100 252.3 100 680.5 100 392.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

10.786 2.963 0.000

Sex by Economic activity(wpdes)
FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Male 92.4 30.73 1312.1 52.41 143.7 41.85 1403.7 45.99
Female 208.2 69.27 1191.4 47.59 199.6 58.15 1648.8 54.01
Total 300.6 100 2503.5 100 343.3 100 3052.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
9.642     2.865     0.000
Sex by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
Male 400.6 46.72 2081.9 47.2
Female 456.9 53.28 2328.7 52.8
Total 857.5 100 4410.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.034     1.000     0.854

4.3. Age, 2 & 3 categories

Age 2 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)
Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 545.7 77.11 630.5 66.15 2610.9 64.56
70+ 162 22.89 322.7 33.85 1433.3 35.44
Total 707.7 100 953.2 100 4044.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

17.469 1.997 0.000

Age 3 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)
Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 545.7 77.11 630.5 66.15 2610.9 64.56
70-79 112.9 15.95 220.1 23.09 1003.8 24.82
80+ 49.1 6.94 102.6 10.77 429.5 10.62
Total 707.7 100 953.2 100.01 4044.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

10.254 3.888 0.000

Age 2 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)
Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 370.3 79.89 2445.1 64.12 971.7 68.03
70+ 93.2 20.11 1368.2 35.88 456.5 31.97
Total 463.5 100 3813.3 100 1428.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

19.462 1.997 0.000

Age 3 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)
Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 370.3 79.89 2445.1 64.12 971.7 68.03
70-79 71.5 15.42 956.1 25.07 309.2 21.65
80+ 21.8 4.69 412.2 10.81 147.3 10.32
Total 463.6 100 3813.4 100 1428.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

12.016 3.853 0.000

Age 2 category by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1780.7 73.37 1977.2 60.86 96.4 71.27
70+ 646.1 26.63 1271.3 39.14 38.9 28.73
Total 2426.8 100 3248.5 100 135.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
42.64      2.00      0.00
Age 3 category by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1780.7 73.37 1977.2 60.86 96.4 71.27
70-79 487 20.07 854.3 26.3 16.2 11.97
80+ 159.1 6.56 417 12.84 22.7 16.75
Total 2426.8 100 3248.5 100 135.3 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

31.363 3.866 0.000

Age 2 category by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1780.7 73.37 472.5 59.69 1504.7 61.24 96.4 71.27
70+ 646.1 26.63 319 40.31 952.3 38.76 38.9 28.73
Total 2426.8 100 791.5 100 2457 100 135.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

26.698 2.969 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1780.7 73.37 472.5 59.69 1504.7 61.24 96.4 71.27
70-79 487 20.07 198.8 25.11 655.5 26.68 16.2 11.97
80+ 159.1 6.56 120.3 15.19 296.8 12.08 22.7 16.75
Total 2426.8 100 791.6 99.99 2457 100 135.3 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
20.74      5.73      0.00
Age 2 category by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1163.3 78 2456.8 62.63 228.2 58.36
70+ 328 22 1465.7 37.37 162.8 41.64
Total 1491.3 100 3922.5 100 391 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

52.136 1.975 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)
Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1163.3 78 2456.8 62.63 228.2 58.36
70-79 242.9 16.29 1023.2 26.08 92.8 23.73
80+ 85.1 5.71 442.5 11.28 70 17.91
Total 1491.3 100 3922.5 99.99 391 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

35.077 3.830 0.000

Age 2 category by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1163.3 78 845.2 58.13 1611.6 65.29 228.2 58.36
70+ 328 22 608.8 41.87 856.9 34.71 162.8 41.64
Total 1491.3 100 1454 100 2468.5 100 391 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

39.482 2.970 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)
Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1163.3 78 845.2 58.13 1611.6 65.29 228.2 58.36
70-79 242.9 16.29 419.1 28.82 604.1 24.47 92.8 23.73
80+ 85.1 5.71 189.7 13.05 252.8 10.24 70 17.91
Total 1491.3 100 1454 100 2468.5 100 391 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

26.304 5.744 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)
Has gchild None
Freq % Freq %
50-69 830.1 88.37 1633.1 90.27
70+ 109.2 11.63 176.1 9.73
Total 939.3 100 1809.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.410     1.000     0.121
Age 3 category by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)
Has gchild None
Freq % Freq %
50-69 830.1 88.37 1633.1 90.27
70-79 74.4 7.92 128.9 7.13
80+ 34.9 3.71 47.1 2.61
Total 939.4 100 1809.1 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.773     1.990     0.170
Age 2 category by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)
Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 691.7 75.27 2576.2 65.95 625.8 87.3 134.3 24.71
70+ 227.3 24.73 1330.2 34.05 91.1 12.7 409.1 75.29
Total 919 100 3906.4 100 716.9 100 543.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

179.656 2.967 0.000

Age 3 category by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)
Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 691.7 75.27 2576.2 65.95 625.8 87.3 134.3 24.71
70-79 174.8 19.02 995.5 25.48 62.3 8.7 188 34.59
80+ 52.5 5.71 334.7 8.57 28.7 4 221.1 40.7
Total 919 100 3906.4 100 716.8 100 543.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

149.863 5.788 0.000

Age 2 category by Educational level(edqual)
Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 451.9 48.14 1504.8 68.1 224.3 53.88 1737.9 72.14
70+ 486.8 51.86 704.8 31.9 192 46.12 671.3 27.86
Total 938.7 100 2209.6 100 416.3 100 2409.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

47.789 2.892 0.000

Age 3 category by Educational level(edqual)
Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 451.9 48.14 1504.8 68.1 224.3 53.88 1737.9 72.14
70-79 269.5 28.71 539.8 24.43 121.8 29.25 488.3 20.27
80+ 217.3 23.15 164.9 7.47 70.2 16.86 183 7.6
Total 938.7 100 2209.5 100 416.3 99.99 2409.2 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

42.646 5.494 0.000

Age 2 category by Volunteered(erfvol)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3715.6 66.29 130.1 65.7
70+ 1889.8 33.71 67.9 34.3
Total 5605.4 100 198 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.026     1.000     0.873
Age 3 category by Volunteered(erfvol)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3715.6 66.29 130.1 65.7
70-79 1309.1 23.35 52.2 26.35
80+ 580.7 10.36 15.7 7.95
Total 5605.4 100 198 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.920     1.946     0.396
Age 2 category by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)
Did childcare No childcare
Freq % Freq %
50-69 233.6 72.28 3610.9 65.92
70+ 89.6 27.72 1867 34.08
Total 323.2 100 5477.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.807     1.000     0.028
Age 3 category by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)
Did childcare No childcare
Freq % Freq %
50-69 233.6 72.28 3610.9 65.92
70-79 82.3 25.46 1277.8 23.33
80+ 7.3 2.26 589.2 10.76
Total 323.2 100 5477.9 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

12.225 1.942 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)
Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Freq % Freq %
50-69 120.7 74.54 3723.7 66.03
70+ 41.2 25.46 1915.3 33.97
Total 161.9 100 5639 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.354     1.000     0.037
Age 3 category by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)
Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Freq % Freq %
50-69 120.7 74.54 3723.7 66.03
70-79 31.3 19.3 1328.8 23.56
80+ 10 6.17 586.5 10.4
Total 162 100.01 5639 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.159     1.819     0.047
Age 2 category by White vs Non-white(ethnic)
White Non-White
Freq % Freq %
50-69 622.3 24.32 46.1 57.56
70+ 1936 75.68 34 42.44
Total 2558.3 100 80.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

45.878 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by White vs Non-white(ethnic)
White Non-White
Freq % Freq %
50-69 622.3 24.32 46.1 57.56
70-79 1336.9 52.26 19.8 24.69
80+ 599.1 23.42 14.2 17.76
Total 2558.3 100 80.1 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

23.899 1.977 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2236 52.11 1797 99.83
70+ 2054.5 47.89 3.1 0.17
Total 4290.5 100 1800.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

1559.112 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2236 52.11 1797 99.83
70-79 1418.2 33.05 2.5 0.14
80+ 636.3 14.83 0.7 0.04
Total 4290.5 99.99 1800.2 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

837.998 1.968 0.000

Age 2 category by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)
Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 2679.7 62.35 385.1 88.06 780 74.02
70+ 1618.3 37.65 52.2 11.94 273.7 25.98
Total 4298 100 437.3 100 1053.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

60.739 2.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)
Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 2679.7 62.35 385.1 88.06 780 74.02
70-79 1112.5 25.88 40.4 9.23 200.7 19.04
80+ 505.9 11.77 11.8 2.71 73.1 6.93
Total 4298.1 100 437.3 100 1053.8 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

34.995 3.917 0.000

Age 2 category by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3678.5 66.81 354.5 60.65
70+ 1827.6 33.19 230 39.35
Total 5506.1 100 584.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.944     1.000     0.015
Age 3 category by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3678.5 66.81 354.5 60.65
70-79 1291.9 23.46 128.7 22.02
80+ 535.7 9.73 101.3 17.33
Total 5506.1 100 584.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

13.418 1.896 0.000

Age 2 category by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3725.3 66.18 307.7 66.65
70+ 1903.7 33.82 154 33.35
Total 5629 100 461.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.030     1.000     0.863
Age 3 category by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)
Not mentioned Mentioned
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3725.3 66.18 307.7 66.65
70-79 1322.1 23.49 98.5 21.34
80+ 581.6 10.33 55.4 12.01
Total 5629 100 461.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.856     1.921     0.421
Age 2 category by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)
Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1659.2 74.28 1875.9 61.34 371.9 62.48
70+ 574.5 25.72 1182.2 38.66 223.4 37.52
Total 2233.7 100 3058.1 100 595.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

39.100 1.963 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)
Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1659.2 74.28 1875.9 61.34 371.9 62.48
70-79 441.1 19.75 797.5 26.08 134.9 22.67
80+ 133.5 5.97 384.7 12.58 88.4 14.86
Total 2233.8 100 3058.1 100 595.2 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

28.758 3.779 0.000

Age 2 category by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)
Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1659.2 74.28 667 58.65 1208.9 62.93 371.9 62.48
70+ 574.5 25.72 470.3 41.35 712 37.07 223.4 37.52
Total 2233.7 100 1137.3 100 1920.9 100 595.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

27.256 2.963 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)
Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1659.2 74.28 667 58.65 1208.9 62.93 371.9 62.48
70-79 441.1 19.75 305.6 26.87 491.9 25.61 134.9 22.67
80+ 133.5 5.97 164.7 14.48 220 11.46 88.4 14.86
Total 2233.8 100 1137.3 100 1920.8 100 595.2 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

20.369 5.692 0.000

Age 2 category by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)
Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 159.7 53.25 251.9 31.15 3364.1 97.51 74.4 23.15 182.9 15.11
70+ 140.2 46.75 556.7 68.85 85.9 2.49 247 76.85 1027.8 84.89
Total 299.9 100 808.6 100 3450 100 321.4 100 1210.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

995.999 3.990 0.000

Age 3 category by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)
Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 159.7 53.25 251.9 31.15 3364.1 97.51 74.4 23.15 182.9 15.11
70-79 128.5 42.85 462 57.14 63.4 1.84 141.4 43.98 625.3 51.65
80+ 11.7 3.9 94.7 11.71 22.6 0.65 105.6 32.86 402.4 33.24
Total 299.9 100 808.6 100 3450.1 100 321.4 99.99 1210.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

544.950 7.958 0.000

Age 2 category by Internet connection?(hobb)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3867 68.05 127.3 35.51
70+ 1815.5 31.95 231.2 64.49
Total 5682.5 100 358.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

79.369 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Internet connection?(hobb)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3867 68.05 127.3 35.51
70-79 1305.9 22.98 107.6 30
80+ 509.6 8.97 123.6 34.49
Total 5682.5 100 358.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

91.653 1.777 0.000

Age 2 category by Financial situation(iafcon)
Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 303.5 91.67 1015.5 71.78 1101.9 64.61 1257.7 59.97
70+ 27.6 8.33 399.2 28.22 603.6 35.39 839.7 40.03
Total 331.1 100 1414.7 100 1705.5 100 2097.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

44.052 2.978 0.000

Age 3 category by Financial situation(iafcon)
Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 303.5 91.67 1015.5 71.78 1101.9 64.61 1257.7 59.97
70-79 24.4 7.36 265.6 18.77 413.4 24.24 581.2 27.71
80+ 3.2 0.97 133.6 9.44 190.2 11.15 258.5 12.32
Total 331.1 100 1414.7 99.99 1705.5 100 2097.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

25.804 5.822 0.000

Age 2 category by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)
Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 298.7 64.72 217.6 74.71 2004.1 68.14 6.7 45.62
70+ 162.8 35.28 73.7 25.29 937.2 31.86 8 54.38
Total 461.5 100 291.3 100 2941.3 100 14.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.918     2.995     0.033
Age 3 category by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)
Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 298.7 64.72 217.6 74.71 2004.1 68.14 6.7 45.62
70-79 108 23.39 58 19.91 721 24.51 4.5 30.65
80+ 54.9 11.88 15.7 5.38 216.2 7.35 3.5 23.73
Total 461.6 99.99 291.3 100 2941.3 100 14.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.527     5.756     0.002
Age 2 category by Sex(indsex)
Male Female
Freq % Freq %
50-69 1974 67.71 2059 64.85
70+ 941.6 32.29 1116.1 35.15
Total 2915.6 100 3175.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.487     1.000     0.034
Age 3 category by Sex(indsex)
Male Female
Freq % Freq %
50-69 1974 67.71 2059 64.85
70-79 669.3 22.95 751.4 23.66
80+ 272.3 9.34 364.7 11.49
Total 2915.6 100 3175.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.264     1.935     0.015
Age 2 category by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3345.5 65.68 484.8 71.09
70+ 1748.3 34.32 197.2 28.91
Total 5093.8 100 682 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.485     1.000     0.011
Age 3 category by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3345.5 65.68 484.8 71.09
70-79 1223.6 24.02 128.8 18.89
80+ 524.7 10.3 68.4 10.03
Total 5093.8 100 682 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.530     1.949     0.011
Age 2 category by Feels lonely?(pscede)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 524.5 66.06 3320.6 66.37
70+ 269.5 33.94 1682.8 33.63
Total 794 100 5003.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.022     1.000     0.883
Age 3 category by Feels lonely?(pscede)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 524.5 66.06 3320.6 66.37
70-79 160.7 20.24 1195.6 23.9
80+ 108.8 13.7 487.3 9.74
Total 794 100 5003.5 100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.563     1.926     0.002
Age 2 category by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)
Give back to community Not so much
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2858.2 67.56 468.8 60.52
70+ 1372.2 32.44 305.8 39.48
Total 4230.4 100 774.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

10.515 1.000 0.001

Age 3 category by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)
Give back to community Not so much
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2858.2 67.56 468.8 60.52
70-79 1012 23.92 209.9 27.09
80+ 360.2 8.51 95.9 12.38
Total 4230.4 99.99 774.6 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.110     1.903     0.000
Age 2 category by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)
Member of a charity Not a member
Freq % Freq %
50-69 427.5 55.22 2848.2 67.58
70+ 346.7 44.78 1366.3 32.42
Total 774.2 100 4214.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

38.354 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)
Member of a charity Not a member
Freq % Freq %
50-69 427.5 55.22 2848.2 67.58
70-79 251.7 32.51 972.5 23.08
80+ 95 12.27 393.7 9.34
Total 774.2 100 4214.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

22.887 1.934 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2790.3 64.06 485.5 76.73
70+ 1565.7 35.94 147.2 23.27
Total 4356 100 632.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

39.041 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2790.3 64.06 485.5 76.73
70-79 1114.8 25.59 109.4 17.29
80+ 450.9 10.35 37.8 5.98
Total 4356 100 632.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

23.001 1.947 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2882.8 68.23 393 51.44
70+ 1342.1 31.77 370.9 48.56
Total 4224.9 100 763.9 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

60.943 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)
No Yes
Freq % Freq %
50-69 2882.8 68.23 393 51.44
70-79 986.9 23.36 237.3 31.07
80+ 355.2 8.41 133.5 17.48
Total 4224.9 100 763.8 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

46.021 1.885 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3589.6 67.22 443.4 59.1
70+ 1750.8 32.78 306.9 40.9
Total 5340.4 100 750.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

12.857 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)
Yes No
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3589.6 67.22 443.4 59.1
70-79 1253.4 23.47 167.2 22.29
80+ 497.4 9.31 139.6 18.61
Total 5340.4 100 750.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

25.154 1.894 0.000

Age 2 category by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)
Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 3020 67.73 516 60.55 497 63.73
70+ 1438.6 32.27 336.3 39.45 282.8 36.27
Total 4458.6 100 852.3 100 779.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.538     1.997     0.001
Age 3 category by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)
Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 3020 67.73 516 60.55 497 63.73
70-79 983.7 22.06 241.1 28.29 195.8 25.1
80+ 454.8 10.2 95.1 11.16 87 11.16
Total 4458.5 99.99 852.2 100 779.8 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.864     3.856     0.001
Age 2 category by Household Tenure(tenureb)
Mortgage Owner Renter
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 433.7 33.97 136.2 13.52 99 27.87
70+ 843 66.03 871.3 86.48 256.2 72.13
Total 1276.7 100 1007.5 100 355.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

62.213 1.970 0.000

Age 3 category by Household Tenure(tenureb)
Mortgage Owner Renter
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 433.7 33.97 136.2 13.52 99 27.87
70-79 711.3 55.71 472.2 46.86 173.6 48.87
80+ 131.7 10.32 399.1 39.62 82.6 23.26
Total 1276.7 100 1007.5 100 355.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

78.624 3.925 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3.1 1.23 41.2 3.2
70+ 247.3 98.77 1247.3 96.8
Total 250.4 100 1288.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.126     1.000     0.024
Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 3.1 1.23 41.2 3.2
70-79 188.7 75.35 823.6 63.92
80+ 58.6 23.42 423.7 32.88
Total 250.4 100 1288.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
9.082     1.916     0.000
Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 68.1 25.19 287.2 20.22
70+ 202.2 74.81 1133 79.78
Total 270.3 100 1420.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.137     1.000     0.077
Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 68.1 25.19 287.2 20.22
70-79 142.2 52.6 744.1 52.39
80+ 60 22.21 388.9 27.38
Total 270.3 100 1420.2 99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.421     1.993     0.089
Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 246.1 35.75 840.8 38.34
70+ 442.3 64.25 1352 61.66
Total 688.4 100 2192.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.355     1.000     0.244
Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 246.1 35.75 840.8 38.34
70-79 333.8 48.48 902.9 41.18
80+ 108.6 15.77 449.1 20.48
Total 688.5 100 2192.8 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.834     1.969     0.001
Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 233.3 64.15 1510.3 47.29
70+ 130.4 35.85 1683.3 52.71
Total 363.7 100 3193.6 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

29.506 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 233.3 64.15 1510.3 47.29
70-79 88 24.2 1175.6 36.81
80+ 42.4 11.65 507.8 15.9
Total 363.7 100 3193.7 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

16.695 1.969 0.000

Age 2 category by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)
None Voted in the past
Freq % Freq %
50-69 0.7 1.18 43 3.07
70+ 62.4 98.82 1359.4 96.93
Total 63.1 100 1402.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.994     1.000     0.319
Age 3 category by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)
None Voted in the past
Freq % Freq %
50-69 0.7 1.18 43 3.07
70-79 41.9 66.45 919.4 65.56
80+ 20.4 32.37 440 31.37
Total 63 100 1402.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.404     1.929     0.660
Age 2 category by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)
1-2 3-4 None
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 3 1.24 40 3.46 0.7 1.18
70+ 242.8 98.76 1116.7 96.54 62.4 98.82
Total 245.8 100 1156.7 100 63.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.990     1.990     0.051
Age 3 category by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)
1-2 3-4 None
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 3 1.24 40 3.46 0.7 1.18
70-79 183.4 74.63 736 63.63 41.9 66.45
80+ 59.3 24.13 380.7 32.91 20.4 32.37
Total 245.7 100 1156.7 100 63 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.767     3.845     0.005
Age 2 category by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)
2 3-4 None or 1
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1.2 0.65 40 3.46 2.6 2.01
70+ 176.5 99.35 1116.7 96.54 128.7 97.99
Total 177.7 100 1156.7 100 131.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.606     1.983     0.028
Age 3 category by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)
2 3-4 None or 1
Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 1.2 0.65 40 3.46 2.6 2.01
70-79 133.5 75.19 736 63.63 91.8 69.94
80+ 42.9 24.16 380.7 32.91 36.8 28.05
Total 177.6 100 1156.7 100 131.2 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.852     3.820     0.005
Age 2 category by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)
Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 963.7 97.55 242.7 96.18 662.2 97.45 372.7 94.98
70+ 24.2 2.45 9.6 3.82 17.3 2.55 19.7 5.02
Total 987.9 100 252.3 100 679.5 100 392.4 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.208     2.964     0.023
Age 3 category by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)
Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 963.7 97.55 242.7 96.18 662.2 97.45 372.7 94.98
70-79 19.7 1.99 8 3.18 14 2.06 18.3 4.65
80+ 4.5 0.46 1.6 0.64 3.3 0.48 1.5 0.37
Total 987.9 100 252.3 100 679.5 99.99 392.5 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.305     5.777     0.034
Age 2 category by Economic activity(wpdes)
FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 277.7 92.96 2415.8 96.5 321.1 93.53 994.4 34.06
70+ 21 7.04 87.7 3.5 22.2 6.47 1924.7 65.94
Total 298.7 100 2503.5 100 343.3 100 2919.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

851.741 2.949 0.000

Age 3 category by Economic activity(wpdes)
FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
50-69 277.7 92.96 2415.8 96.5 321.1 93.53 994.4 34.06
70-79 14 4.68 78.4 3.13 15.3 4.44 1311 44.91
80+ 7.1 2.36 9.3 0.37 7 2.03 613.7 21.03
Total 298.8 100 2503.5 100 343.4 100 2919.1 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

452.704 5.792 0.000

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 658.2 77.52 2715.5 62.65
70+ 190.8 22.48 1618.8 37.35
Total 849 100 4334.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

54.119 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)
Didn’t vote Voted
Freq % Freq %
50-69 658.2 77.52 2715.5 62.65
70-79 126.5 14.9 1151.5 26.57
80+ 64.4 7.58 467.3 10.78
Total 849.1 100 4334.3 100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared

31.252 1.964 0.000

5. Further descriptives

This section presents:

  • Unweighted three way tables of age (two categories) and sex by whether voted at the 2019 general elections. These are unweighted due to the small number of observations for a significant number of categories.

  • Plot of cross-sectional (weighted) proportions of 50+ who cast their ballot at the GE, by election year, sex and age

5.1 IVs by age, sex and whether voted at the 2019 GE

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote 26 (23.9%) 35 (18.6%) 119 (13.9%)
Voted 83 (76.1%) 153 (81.4%) 736 (86.1%)
Total 109 188 855

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote 50 (25.9%) 41 (15.4%) 168 (14.6%)
Voted 143 (74.1%) 225 (84.6%) 983 (85.4%)
Total 193 266 1151

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote 14 (17.1%) 13 (6.8%) 63 (7.7%)
Voted 68 (82.9%) 178 (93.2%) 755 (92.3%)
Total 82 191 818

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Feels older than age Feels their age Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote 9 (9.0%) 30 (13.1%) 108 (9.9%)
Voted 91 (91.0%) 199 (86.9%) 979 (90.1%)
Total 100 229 1087

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote 19 (31.1%) 116 (14.3%) 45 (16.0%)
Voted 42 (68.9%) 693 (85.7%) 237 (84.0%)
Total 61 809 282

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote 36 (27.5%) 160 (14.6%) 63 (16.5%)
Voted 95 (72.5%) 937 (85.4%) 319 (83.5%)
Total 131 1097 382

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote 7 (20.0%) 59 (7.6%) 24 (8.6%)
Voted 28 (80.0%) 717 (92.4%) 256 (91.4%)
Total 35 776 280

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Feels > 3 years older Feels > 3 years younger Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote 8 (12.7%) 99 (9.5%) 40 (13.0%)
Voted 55 (87.3%) 947 (90.5%) 267 (87.0%)
Total 63 1046 307

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 72 (11.4%) 107 (20.6%) 3 (21.4%)
Voted 559 (88.6%) 412 (79.4%) 11 (78.6%)
Total 631 519 14

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 81 (11.7%) 170 (18.7%) 16 (43.2%)
Voted 610 (88.3%) 739 (81.3%) 21 (56.8%)
Total 691 909 37

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 32 (7.3%) 57 (8.7%) 2 (9.1%)
Voted 405 (92.7%) 598 (91.3%) 20 (90.9%)
Total 437 655 22

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 35 (7.4%) 113 (12.0%) 2 (11.1%)
Voted 437 (92.6%) 832 (88.0%) 16 (88.9%)
Total 472 945 18

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 72 (11.4%) 30 (33.0%) 77 (18.0%) 3 (21.4%)
Voted 559 (88.6%) 61 (67.0%) 351 (82.0%) 11 (78.6%)
Total 631 91 428 14

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 81 (11.7%) 55 (26.2%) 115 (16.5%) 16 (43.2%)
Voted 610 (88.3%) 155 (73.8%) 584 (83.5%) 21 (56.8%)
Total 691 210 699 37

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 32 (7.3%) 18 (12.2%) 39 (7.7%) 2 (9.1%)
Voted 405 (92.7%) 130 (87.8%) 468 (92.3%) 20 (90.9%)
Total 437 148 507 22

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 35 (7.4%) 43 (19.3%) 70 (9.7%) 2 (11.1%)
Voted 437 (92.6%) 180 (80.7%) 652 (90.3%) 16 (88.9%)
Total 472 223 722 18

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 50 (12.5%) 120 (16.7%) 12 (27.9%)
Voted 350 (87.5%) 600 (83.3%) 31 (72.1%)
Total 400 720 43

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 45 (10.3%) 196 (17.6%) 26 (30.2%)
Voted 390 (89.7%) 920 (82.4%) 60 (69.8%)
Total 435 1116 86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 15 (8.1%) 66 (7.9%) 10 (10.8%)
Voted 170 (91.9%) 770 (92.1%) 83 (89.2%)
Total 185 836 93

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 25 (9.0%) 113 (10.7%) 11 (11.5%)
Voted 252 (91.0%) 948 (89.3%) 85 (88.5%)
Total 277 1061 96

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 50 (12.5%) 50 (22.0%) 70 (14.2%) 12 (27.9%)
Voted 350 (87.5%) 177 (78.0%) 423 (85.8%) 31 (72.1%)
Total 400 227 493 43

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 45 (10.3%) 73 (19.2%) 123 (16.7%) 26 (30.2%)
Voted 390 (89.7%) 308 (80.8%) 612 (83.3%) 60 (69.8%)
Total 435 381 735 86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 15 (8.1%) 27 (8.2%) 39 (7.7%) 10 (10.8%)
Voted 170 (91.9%) 304 (91.8%) 466 (92.3%) 83 (89.2%)
Total 185 331 505 93

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excellent/v good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 25 (9.0%) 53 (12.8%) 60 (9.3%) 11 (11.5%)
Voted 252 (91.0%) 361 (87.2%) 587 (90.7%) 85 (88.5%)
Total 277 414 647 96

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Has gchild None
Didn’t vote 35 (17.4%) 51 (12.0%)
Voted 166 (82.6%) 375 (88.0%)
Total 201 426

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Has gchild None
Didn’t vote 70 (21.5%) 79 (14.0%)
Voted 256 (78.5%) 486 (86.0%)
Total 326 565

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Has gchild None
Didn’t vote 1 (3.2%) 8 (7.3%)
Voted 30 (96.8%) 102 (92.7%)
Total 31 110

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Has gchild None
Didn’t vote 11 (21.6%) 8 (6.8%)
Voted 40 (78.4%) 109 (93.2%)
Total 51 117

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Didn’t vote 28 (17.6%) 106 (13.2%) 46 (24.5%) 5 (18.5%)
Voted 131 (82.4%) 695 (86.8%) 142 (75.5%) 22 (81.5%)
Total 159 801 188 27

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Didn’t vote 89 (27.3%) 123 (12.3%) 38 (18.3%) 19 (18.4%)
Voted 237 (72.7%) 881 (87.7%) 170 (81.7%) 84 (81.6%)
Total 326 1004 208 103

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Didn’t vote 11 (10.6%) 61 (7.3%) 9 (14.8%) 13 (10.4%)
Voted 93 (89.4%) 777 (92.7%) 52 (85.2%) 112 (89.6%)
Total 104 838 61 125

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Divorced/separated Married/SP Single Widowed
Didn’t vote 29 (15.3%) 58 (7.4%) 9 (14.1%) 55 (13.8%)
Voted 160 (84.7%) 730 (92.6%) 55 (85.9%) 344 (86.2%)
Total 189 788 64 399

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Didn’t vote 33 (37.1%) 58 (9.9%) 11 (18.0%) 80 (19.6%)
Voted 56 (62.9%) 527 (90.1%) 50 (82.0%) 328 (80.4%)
Total 89 585 61 408

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Didn’t vote 50 (36.8%) 66 (10.0%) 12 (15.6%) 136 (18.5%)
Voted 86 (63.2%) 591 (90.0%) 65 (84.4%) 600 (81.5%)
Total 136 657 77 736

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Didn’t vote 20 (15.4%) 30 (5.1%) 10 (18.2%) 34 (9.6%)
Voted 110 (84.6%) 557 (94.9%) 45 (81.8%) 321 (90.4%)
Total 130 587 55 355

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Below secondary Further/Degree level Other Secondary
Didn’t vote 61 (20.7%) 25 (5.0%) 12 (8.1%) 53 (10.7%)
Voted 234 (79.3%) 477 (95.0%) 136 (91.9%) 442 (89.3%)
Total 295 502 148 495

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 179 (15.8%) 2 (7.1%)
Voted 956 (84.2%) 26 (92.9%)
Total 1135 28

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 257 (16.5%) 10 (13.3%)
Voted 1300 (83.5%) 65 (86.7%)
Total 1557 75

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 90 (8.4%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 987 (91.6%) 39 (100.0%)
Total 1077 39

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 149 (10.9%) 1 (1.5%)
Voted 1220 (89.1%) 64 (98.5%)
Total 1369 65

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Did childcare No childcare
Didn’t vote 7 (18.4%) 174 (15.5%)
Voted 31 (81.6%) 951 (84.5%)
Total 38 1125

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Did childcare No childcare
Didn’t vote 13 (10.7%) 254 (16.8%)
Voted 108 (89.3%) 1256 (83.2%)
Total 121 1510

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Did childcare No childcare
Didn’t vote 1 (2.8%) 89 (8.3%)
Voted 35 (97.2%) 989 (91.7%)
Total 36 1078

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Did childcare No childcare
Didn’t vote 9 (10.1%) 141 (10.5%)
Voted 80 (89.9%) 1204 (89.5%)
Total 89 1345

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Didn’t vote 4 (13.8%) 177 (15.6%)
Voted 25 (86.2%) 957 (84.4%)
Total 29 1134

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Didn’t vote 10 (17.9%) 257 (16.3%)
Voted 46 (82.1%) 1318 (83.7%)
Total 56 1575

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Didn’t vote 2 (10.5%) 88 (8.0%)
Voted 17 (89.5%) 1007 (92.0%)
Total 19 1095

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Cared for sick/frail Not a carer
Didn’t vote 1 (2.3%) 149 (10.7%)
Voted 43 (97.7%) 1241 (89.3%)
Total 44 1390

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

White Non-White
Didn’t vote 37 (11.9%) 4 (25.0%)
Voted 275 (88.1%) 12 (75.0%)
Total 312 16

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

White Non-White
Didn’t vote 53 (12.7%) 5 (20.8%)
Voted 365 (87.3%) 19 (79.2%)
Total 418 24

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

White Non-White
Didn’t vote 86 (8.1%) 3 (21.4%)
Voted 981 (91.9%) 11 (78.6%)
Total 1067 14

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

White Non-White
Didn’t vote 132 (9.7%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 1228 (90.3%) 12 (100.0%)
Total 1360 12

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 97 (15.2%) 88 (16.3%)
Voted 541 (84.8%) 451 (83.7%)
Total 638 539

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 158 (21.2%) 111 (12.4%)
Voted 587 (78.8%) 786 (87.6%)
Total 745 897

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 94 (8.3%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 1032 (91.7%) 2 (100.0%)
Total 1126 2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 151 (10.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 1287 (89.5%) 2 (100.0%)
Total 1438 2

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Didn’t vote 122 (13.1%) 20 (32.3%) 39 (23.6%)
Voted 811 (86.9%) 42 (67.7%) 126 (76.4%)
Total 933 62 165

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Didn’t vote 157 (12.8%) 35 (33.3%) 74 (24.4%)
Voted 1067 (87.2%) 70 (66.7%) 229 (75.6%)
Total 1224 105 303

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Didn’t vote 66 (6.8%) 5 (25.0%) 19 (16.5%)
Voted 908 (93.2%) 15 (75.0%) 96 (83.5%)
Total 974 20 115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Never/rarely Often/M of the T Sometimes
Didn’t vote 119 (9.8%) 3 (8.3%) 26 (14.2%)
Voted 1091 (90.2%) 33 (91.7%) 157 (85.8%)
Total 1210 36 183

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 165 (14.8%) 20 (32.8%)
Voted 951 (85.2%) 41 (67.2%)
Total 1116 61

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 231 (15.2%) 38 (30.9%)
Voted 1288 (84.8%) 85 (69.1%)
Total 1519 123

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 81 (7.8%) 13 (15.5%)
Voted 963 (92.2%) 71 (84.5%)
Total 1044 84

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 128 (9.8%) 23 (16.8%)
Voted 1175 (90.2%) 114 (83.2%)
Total 1303 137

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 170 (15.1%) 15 (30.0%)
Voted 957 (84.9%) 35 (70.0%)
Total 1127 50

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 232 (15.3%) 37 (30.6%)
Voted 1289 (84.7%) 84 (69.4%)
Total 1521 121

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 84 (7.9%) 10 (16.9%)
Voted 985 (92.1%) 49 (83.1%)
Total 1069 59

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Not mentioned Mentioned
Didn’t vote 134 (10.0%) 17 (17.5%)
Voted 1209 (90.0%) 80 (82.5%)
Total 1343 97

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 61 (11.0%) 93 (17.1%) 31 (39.2%)
Voted 494 (89.0%) 450 (82.9%) 48 (60.8%)
Total 555 543 79

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 80 (10.1%) 143 (19.5%) 46 (40.0%)
Voted 714 (89.9%) 590 (80.5%) 69 (60.0%)
Total 794 733 115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 23 (6.3%) 58 (8.7%) 13 (13.7%)
Voted 344 (93.7%) 608 (91.3%) 82 (86.3%)
Total 367 666 95

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excel/V good Good/Fair Poor
Didn’t vote 32 (6.7%) 93 (11.2%) 26 (20.0%)
Voted 444 (93.3%) 740 (88.8%) 104 (80.0%)
Total 476 833 130

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 61 (11.0%) 31 (18.3%) 62 (16.6%) 31 (39.2%)
Voted 494 (89.0%) 138 (81.7%) 312 (83.4%) 48 (60.8%)
Total 555 169 374 79

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 80 (10.1%) 65 (24.2%) 78 (16.8%) 46 (40.0%)
Voted 714 (89.9%) 204 (75.8%) 386 (83.2%) 69 (60.0%)
Total 794 269 464 115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 23 (6.3%) 24 (9.1%) 34 (8.5%) 13 (13.7%)
Voted 344 (93.7%) 240 (90.9%) 368 (91.5%) 82 (86.3%)
Total 367 264 402 95

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Excel/V good Fair Good Poor
Didn’t vote 32 (6.7%) 41 (14.4%) 52 (9.5%) 26 (20.0%)
Voted 444 (93.3%) 243 (85.6%) 497 (90.5%) 104 (80.0%)
Total 476 284 549 130

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Didn’t vote 9 (10.7%) 10 (9.3%) 144 (17.0%) 10 (19.2%) 12 (14.0%)
Voted 75 (89.3%) 97 (90.7%) 704 (83.0%) 42 (80.8%) 74 (86.0%)
Total 84 107 848 52 86

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Didn’t vote 14 (15.6%) 15 (8.6%) 211 (17.6%) 12 (23.5%) 17 (13.5%)
Voted 76 (84.4%) 160 (91.4%) 989 (82.4%) 39 (76.5%) 109 (86.5%)
Total 90 175 1200 51 126

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Didn’t vote 11 (11.1%) 26 (8.5%) 5 (10.9%) 12 (9.6%) 40 (7.2%)
Voted 88 (88.9%) 280 (91.5%) 41 (89.1%) 113 (90.4%) 512 (92.8%)
Total 99 306 46 125 552

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Family, large or small Large adult HH Other Single person HH Two adults HH
Didn’t vote 5 (6.9%) 27 (7.9%) 19 (28.4%) 31 (14.0%) 69 (9.4%)
Voted 67 (93.1%) 315 (92.1%) 48 (71.6%) 191 (86.0%) 668 (90.6%)
Total 72 342 67 222 737

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 162 (14.4%) 20 (52.6%)
Voted 966 (85.6%) 18 (47.4%)
Total 1128 38

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 254 (16.0%) 13 (30.2%)
Voted 1336 (84.0%) 30 (69.8%)
Total 1590 43

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 77 (7.4%) 17 (19.5%)
Voted 958 (92.6%) 70 (80.5%)
Total 1035 87

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 116 (9.0%) 34 (24.3%)
Voted 1178 (91.0%) 106 (75.7%)
Total 1294 140

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Didn’t vote 18 (39.1%) 45 (18.4%) 59 (18.5%) 49 (10.6%)
Voted 28 (60.9%) 200 (81.6%) 260 (81.5%) 415 (89.4%)
Total 46 245 319 464

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Didn’t vote 25 (30.5%) 81 (24.3%) 88 (18.5%) 59 (9.1%)
Voted 57 (69.5%) 253 (75.7%) 387 (81.5%) 587 (90.9%)
Total 82 334 475 646

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Didn’t vote 3 (37.5%) 20 (11.6%) 28 (8.6%) 36 (6.9%)
Voted 5 (62.5%) 152 (88.4%) 296 (91.4%) 488 (93.1%)
Total 8 172 324 524

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Does not manage well Get by alright Manage quite well Manage very well
Didn’t vote 2 (11.1%) 36 (14.1%) 50 (12.1%) 53 (8.2%)
Voted 16 (88.9%) 220 (85.9%) 363 (87.9%) 591 (91.8%)
Total 18 256 413 644

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote 7 (8.2%) 13 (26.0%) 81 (12.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 78 (91.8%) 37 (74.0%) 565 (87.5%) 3 (100.0%)
Total 85 50 646 3

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote 21 (17.8%) 14 (19.4%) 97 (11.8%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 97 (82.2%) 58 (80.6%) 724 (88.2%) 2 (100.0%)
Total 118 72 821 2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote 11 (12.4%) 6 (17.1%) 38 (5.9%) 1 (33.3%)
Voted 78 (87.6%) 29 (82.9%) 603 (94.1%) 2 (66.7%)
Total 89 35 641 3

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Respondent Partner Both have equal say Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote 10 (11.8%) 4 (7.7%) 40 (7.2%) 0 (0.0%)
Voted 75 (88.2%) 48 (92.3%) 519 (92.8%) 4 (100.0%)
Total 85 52 559 4

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Male Female
Didn’t vote 185 (15.7%) 0 (NaN%)
Voted 992 (84.3%) 0 (NaN%)
Total 1177 0

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Male Female
Didn’t vote 0 (NaN%) 269 (16.4%)
Voted 0 (NaN%) 1373 (83.6%)
Total 0 1642

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Male Female
Didn’t vote 94 (8.3%) 0 (NaN%)
Voted 1034 (91.7%) 0 (NaN%)
Total 1128 0

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Male Female
Didn’t vote 0 (NaN%) 151 (10.5%)
Voted 0 (NaN%) 1289 (89.5%)
Total 0 1440

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 161 (15.4%) 21 (18.1%)
Voted 885 (84.6%) 95 (81.9%)
Total 1046 116

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 224 (15.5%) 40 (22.2%)
Voted 1220 (84.5%) 140 (77.8%)
Total 1444 180

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 76 (7.4%) 15 (18.3%)
Voted 952 (92.6%) 67 (81.7%)
Total 1028 82

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 131 (10.2%) 17 (11.6%)
Voted 1150 (89.8%) 129 (88.4%)
Total 1281 146

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 25 (23.4%) 157 (14.9%)
Voted 82 (76.6%) 899 (85.1%)
Total 107 1056

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 62 (27.8%) 205 (14.6%)
Voted 161 (72.2%) 1202 (85.4%)
Total 223 1407

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 21 (19.4%) 70 (7.0%)
Voted 87 (80.6%) 933 (93.0%)
Total 108 1003

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 32 (15.4%) 118 (9.6%)
Voted 176 (84.6%) 1108 (90.4%)
Total 208 1226

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Give back to community Not so much
Didn’t vote 141 (14.0%) 39 (24.8%)
Voted 863 (86.0%) 118 (75.2%)
Total 1004 157

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Give back to community Not so much
Didn’t vote 197 (13.9%) 64 (31.7%)
Voted 1218 (86.1%) 138 (68.3%)
Total 1415 202

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Give back to community Not so much
Didn’t vote 61 (6.7%) 23 (13.9%)
Voted 848 (93.3%) 142 (86.1%)
Total 909 165

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Give back to community Not so much
Didn’t vote 88 (8.0%) 33 (14.5%)
Voted 1010 (92.0%) 194 (85.5%)
Total 1098 227

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Member of a charity Not a member
Didn’t vote 9 (6.3%) 167 (16.6%)
Voted 134 (93.7%) 842 (83.4%)
Total 143 1009

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Member of a charity Not a member
Didn’t vote 19 (6.7%) 231 (17.6%)
Voted 264 (93.3%) 1078 (82.4%)
Total 283 1309

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Member of a charity Not a member
Didn’t vote 7 (3.2%) 78 (9.0%)
Voted 214 (96.8%) 789 (91.0%)
Total 221 867

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Member of a charity Not a member
Didn’t vote 19 (6.0%) 115 (11.0%)
Voted 298 (94.0%) 931 (89.0%)
Total 317 1046

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 156 (16.4%) 20 (10.0%)
Voted 796 (83.6%) 180 (90.0%)
Total 952 200

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 236 (17.1%) 14 (6.5%)
Voted 1141 (82.9%) 201 (93.5%)
Total 1377 215

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 80 (8.3%) 5 (4.0%)
Voted 883 (91.7%) 120 (96.0%)
Total 963 125

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 130 (10.4%) 4 (3.4%)
Voted 1115 (89.6%) 114 (96.6%)
Total 1245 118

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 160 (15.5%) 16 (13.2%)
Voted 871 (84.5%) 105 (86.8%)
Total 1031 121

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 215 (15.8%) 35 (15.2%)
Voted 1146 (84.2%) 196 (84.8%)
Total 1361 231

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

No Yes
Didn’t vote 72 (8.1%) 13 (6.5%)
Voted 817 (91.9%) 186 (93.5%)
Total 889 199

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

No Yes
Didn’t vote 98 (9.7%) 36 (10.1%)
Voted 908 (90.3%) 321 (89.9%)
Total 1006 357

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 154 (14.2%) 31 (33.3%)
Voted 930 (85.8%) 62 (66.7%)
Total 1084 93

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 212 (14.2%) 57 (38.0%)
Voted 1280 (85.8%) 93 (62.0%)
Total 1492 150

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Yes No
Didn’t vote 81 (7.8%) 13 (15.1%)
Voted 961 (92.2%) 73 (84.9%)
Total 1042 86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Yes No
Didn’t vote 110 (9.1%) 41 (17.7%)
Voted 1098 (90.9%) 191 (82.3%)
Total 1208 232

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote 150 (16.7%) 18 (12.1%) 17 (12.9%)
Voted 746 (83.3%) 131 (87.9%) 115 (87.1%)
Total 896 149 132

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote 187 (15.3%) 31 (13.8%) 51 (26.3%)
Voted 1037 (84.7%) 193 (86.2%) 143 (73.7%)
Total 1224 224 194

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote 72 (8.7%) 13 (7.2%) 9 (7.3%)
Voted 753 (91.3%) 167 (92.8%) 114 (92.7%)
Total 825 180 123

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Monthly or less MT once a month Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote 99 (10.1%) 23 (9.3%) 29 (13.4%)
Voted 877 (89.9%) 225 (90.7%) 187 (86.6%)
Total 976 248 216

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Mortgage Owner Renter
Didn’t vote 23 (9.9%) 9 (12.9%) 9 (34.6%)
Voted 210 (90.1%) 61 (87.1%) 17 (65.4%)
Total 233 70 26

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Mortgage Owner Renter
Didn’t vote 26 (9.6%) 12 (11.7%) 20 (29.9%)
Voted 246 (90.4%) 91 (88.3%) 47 (70.1%)
Total 272 103 67

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Mortgage Owner Renter
Didn’t vote 44 (8.2%) 30 (6.6%) 15 (17.2%)
Voted 492 (91.8%) 428 (93.4%) 72 (82.8%)
Total 536 458 87

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Mortgage Owner Renter
Didn’t vote 42 (7.4%) 62 (9.3%) 27 (19.6%)
Voted 525 (92.6%) 605 (90.7%) 111 (80.4%)
Total 567 667 138

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 1 (100.0%) 2 (10.5%)
Voted 0 (0.0%) 17 (89.5%)
Total 1 19

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 1 (25.0%) 4 (10.3%)
Voted 3 (75.0%) 35 (89.7%)
Total 4 39

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 29 (24.6%) 42 (5.8%)
Voted 89 (75.4%) 681 (94.2%)
Total 118 723

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 46 (27.2%) 48 (5.5%)
Voted 123 (72.8%) 830 (94.5%)
Total 169 878

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 14 (45.2%) 12 (7.9%)
Voted 17 (54.8%) 140 (92.1%)
Total 31 152

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 18 (46.2%) 15 (7.3%)
Voted 21 (53.8%) 191 (92.7%)
Total 39 206

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 25 (28.1%) 33 (4.9%)
Voted 64 (71.9%) 640 (95.1%)
Total 89 673

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 39 (29.3%) 42 (5.1%)
Voted 94 (70.7%) 784 (94.9%)
Total 133 826

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 31 (31.3%) 31 (8.3%)
Voted 68 (68.7%) 341 (91.7%)
Total 99 372

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 41 (28.1%) 45 (9.1%)
Voted 105 (71.9%) 450 (90.9%)
Total 146 495

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 40 (15.4%) 38 (5.1%)
Voted 220 (84.6%) 711 (94.9%)
Total 260 749

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 61 (18.7%) 61 (6.5%)
Voted 265 (81.3%) 884 (93.5%)
Total 326 945

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 44 (77.2%) 41 (7.1%)
Voted 13 (22.8%) 538 (92.9%)
Total 57 579

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 68 (70.1%) 62 (7.8%)
Voted 29 (29.9%) 730 (92.2%)
Total 97 792

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 43 (64.2%) 41 (4.2%)
Voted 24 (35.8%) 929 (95.8%)
Total 67 970

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Didn’t vote Voted
Didn’t vote 52 (73.2%) 73 (6.0%)
Voted 19 (26.8%) 1148 (94.0%)
Total 71 1221

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

None Voted in the past
Didn’t vote 1 (100.0%) 2 (10.5%)
Voted 0 (0.0%) 17 (89.5%)
Total 1 19

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

None Voted in the past
Didn’t vote 0 (NaN%) 5 (11.9%)
Voted 0 (NaN%) 37 (88.1%)
Total 0 42

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

None Voted in the past
Didn’t vote 18 (72.0%) 49 (6.3%)
Voted 7 (28.0%) 727 (93.7%)
Total 25 776

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

None Voted in the past
Didn’t vote 24 (80.0%) 65 (6.8%)
Voted 6 (20.0%) 895 (93.2%)
Total 30 960

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

1-2 3-4 None
Didn’t vote 0 (NaN%) 2 (10.5%) 1 (100.0%)
Voted 0 (NaN%) 17 (89.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Total 0 19 1

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

1-2 3-4 None
Didn’t vote 3 (75.0%) 2 (5.3%) 0 (NaN%)
Voted 1 (25.0%) 36 (94.7%) 0 (NaN%)
Total 4 38 0

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

1-2 3-4 None
Didn’t vote 19 (16.8%) 30 (4.5%) 18 (72.0%)
Voted 94 (83.2%) 633 (95.5%) 7 (28.0%)
Total 113 663 25

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

1-2 3-4 None
Didn’t vote 25 (17.2%) 40 (4.9%) 24 (80.0%)
Voted 120 (82.8%) 775 (95.1%) 6 (20.0%)
Total 145 815 30

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

2 3-4 None or 1
Didn’t vote 0 (NaN%) 2 (10.5%) 1 (100.0%)
Voted 0 (NaN%) 17 (89.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Total 0 19 1

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

2 3-4 None or 1
Didn’t vote 1 (50.0%) 2 (5.3%) 2 (100.0%)
Voted 1 (50.0%) 36 (94.7%) 0 (0.0%)
Total 2 38 2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

2 3-4 None or 1
Didn’t vote 8 (9.3%) 30 (4.5%) 29 (55.8%)
Voted 78 (90.7%) 633 (95.5%) 23 (44.2%)
Total 86 663 52

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

2 3-4 None or 1
Didn’t vote 15 (13.2%) 40 (4.9%) 34 (55.7%)
Voted 99 (86.8%) 775 (95.1%) 27 (44.3%)
Total 114 815 61

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote 27 (9.2%) 6 (12.8%) 40 (30.8%) 18 (16.5%)
Voted 267 (90.8%) 41 (87.2%) 90 (69.2%) 91 (83.5%)
Total 294 47 130 109

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote 33 (8.8%) 24 (17.3%) 72 (32.9%) 12 (14.0%)
Voted 341 (91.2%) 115 (82.7%) 147 (67.1%) 74 (86.0%)
Total 374 139 219 86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote 1 (5.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (30.0%) 2 (20.0%)
Voted 19 (95.0%) 4 (100.0%) 7 (70.0%) 8 (80.0%)
Total 20 4 10 10

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

Higher MAP Intermediate Semi-routine/routine Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote 2 (8.3%) 6 (42.9%) 4 (22.2%) 5 (33.3%)
Voted 22 (91.7%) 8 (57.1%) 14 (77.8%) 10 (66.7%)
Total 24 14 18 15

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote 11 (27.5%) 95 (15.2%) 23 (42.6%) 53 (11.9%)
Voted 29 (72.5%) 531 (84.8%) 31 (57.4%) 394 (88.1%)
Total 40 626 54 447

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote 27 (21.8%) 139 (17.4%) 33 (39.3%) 70 (11.2%)
Voted 97 (78.2%) 661 (82.6%) 51 (60.7%) 557 (88.8%)
Total 124 800 84 627

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote 0 (0.0%) 4 (7.0%) 1 (25.0%) 89 (8.4%)
Voted 3 (100.0%) 53 (93.0%) 3 (75.0%) 973 (91.6%)
Total 3 57 4 1062

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

FT carer + unemp. In employment LT sick/disabled Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote 5 (19.2%) 5 (8.5%) 2 (14.3%) 139 (10.4%)
Voted 21 (80.8%) 54 (91.5%) 12 (85.7%) 1202 (89.6%)
Total 26 59 14 1341

5.2 Voting pattern by age, sex and general election

6. Multivariate results

This section presents the results of four series of stepwise logistic regression models of voter turnout at the 2019 general election against:

  1. Turnout at previous GE & socio-economic variables (not including tenure)
  2. Turnout at previous GE, SEV (including housing tenure)
  3. Turnout at previous GE, SEV (not including tenure), and independent variables (IVs):
  • Internet connection;
  • Whether lonely;
  • General Health;
  • Financial situation;
  • Memory; Grandchildren;
  • Happiness;
  • Give back to community;
  • Whether member of political party, union or group;
  • Whether member of a charity;
  • Self perceived age gap;
  • Whether a carer. as well as independent variables: self-rated health, self-rated mental abilities, self-rated memory, financial situation, sense of loneliness, presence of an internet connection, involvement in volunteering socio economic characteristiscs.
  1. As 3. including tenure

All models were fitted using weights.

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age











    50-69

— — — — — — — — — —
    70-79

1.70 0.62, 4.67 1.71 0.62, 4.69 2.16 0.78, 6.03 2.67 0.93, 7.63 2.76 0.96, 7.97
    80+

1.15 0.41, 3.21 1.15 0.41, 3.22 1.65 0.57, 4.73 2.43 0.82, 7.23 2.55 0.85, 7.66
Sex











    Male



— — — — — — — —
    Female



1.02 0.69, 1.52 1.22 0.81, 1.84 1.47 0.96, 2.24 1.48 0.96, 2.27
Marital/relationship status











    Married/SP





— — — — — —
    Divorced/separated





0.34*** 0.19, 0.61 0.35*** 0.19, 0.62 0.32*** 0.18, 0.58
    Single





0.36* 0.15, 0.82 0.34* 0.14, 0.80 0.33* 0.14, 0.79
    Widowed





0.39*** 0.23, 0.64 0.40*** 0.24, 0.68 0.40*** 0.24, 0.66
Highest qualification











    Secondary







— — — —
    Below secondary







0.46** 0.28, 0.75 0.45** 0.28, 0.75
    Further/Degree level







2.25** 1.27, 4.00 2.16** 1.22, 3.83
    Other







1.06 0.51, 2.22 1.06 0.50, 2.23
Economic activity











    Retired (inc part)









— —
    FT carer + unemp.









0.36 0.08, 1.64
    In employment









2.14 0.62, 7.38
    LT sick/disabled









4,680,017 0.00, Inf
Past GE turnout











    None — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Voted in the past 35.2*** 17.9, 69.2 36.3*** 18.4, 71.5 36.2*** 18.3, 71.5 35.7*** 17.8, 71.6 30.2*** 14.7, 61.7 34.5*** 16.3, 72.9
AIC 843
842
844
824
794
792
Log-likelihood -420
-417
-417
-404
-386
-382
No. Obs. 1,837
1,837
1,837
1,837
1,837
1,837
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficient plot of Models 6

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age













    50-69

— — — — — — — — — — — —
    70-79

1.77 0.64, 4.85 1.76 0.64, 4.83 2.17 0.78, 6.05 2.68 0.94, 7.64 2.77 0.96, 7.97 2.76 0.96, 7.94
    80+

1.15 0.41, 3.21 1.14 0.41, 3.20 1.63 0.57, 4.67 2.38 0.80, 7.07 2.49 0.83, 7.47 2.36 0.78, 7.10
Sex













    Male



— — — — — — — — — —
    Female



0.96 0.64, 1.44 1.14 0.75, 1.73 1.36 0.88, 2.10 1.38 0.89, 2.13 1.36 0.88, 2.11
Marital/relationship status













    Married/SP





— — — — — — — —
    Divorced/separated





0.40** 0.22, 0.72 0.40** 0.22, 0.73 0.37** 0.20, 0.68 0.39** 0.21, 0.73
    Single





0.35* 0.15, 0.81 0.33* 0.14, 0.78 0.33* 0.14, 0.77 0.33* 0.14, 0.79
    Widowed





0.39*** 0.23, 0.64 0.40*** 0.24, 0.68 0.39*** 0.23, 0.66 0.40*** 0.24, 0.68
Highest qualification













    Secondary







— — — — — —
    Below secondary







0.44** 0.26, 0.72 0.44** 0.26, 0.72 0.45** 0.27, 0.75
    Further/Degree level







2.04* 1.14, 3.66 1.96* 1.10, 3.51 1.94* 1.08, 3.48
    Other







1.00 0.48, 2.10 1.00 0.47, 2.10 1.01 0.48, 2.12
Economic activity













    Retired (inc part)









— — — —
    FT carer + unemp.









0.37 0.08, 1.68 0.36 0.08, 1.66
    In employment









2.09 0.61, 7.22 2.08 0.60, 7.19
    LT sick/disabled









4,311,282 0.00, Inf 5,267,548 0.00, Inf
Housing tenure













    Owner











— —
    Mortgage











0.83 0.51, 1.34
    Renter











0.66 0.36, 1.22
Past GE turnout













    None — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Voted in the past 34.2*** 17.3, 67.4 35.7*** 18.0, 71.0 35.8*** 18.0, 71.1 34.5*** 17.1, 69.7 30.0*** 14.6, 61.6 34.1*** 16.1, 72.2 33.8*** 15.7, 72.9
AIC 824
822
824
806
778
777
777
Log-likelihood -410
-407
-407
-395
-378
-374
-373
No. Obs. 1,815
1,815
1,815
1,815
1,815
1,815
1,815
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 7

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Internet connection?

















    Yes — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No 0.61 0.31, 1.21 0.61 0.30, 1.20 0.60 0.30, 1.20 0.59 0.29, 1.17 0.59 0.30, 1.19 0.59 0.30, 1.19 0.60 0.30, 1.21 0.60 0.30, 1.21 0.62 0.31, 1.25
Felt lonely

















    Yes

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No

1.28 0.66, 2.48 1.23 0.62, 2.44 1.20 0.60, 2.41 1.25 0.62, 2.53 1.26 0.62, 2.55 1.25 0.61, 2.54 1.24 0.61, 2.53 1.21 0.59, 2.50
Self-rated general health

















    Excel/V good



— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Fair



1.16 0.58, 2.34 1.22 0.59, 2.51 1.20 0.58, 2.50 1.20 0.57, 2.50 1.21 0.58, 2.52 1.23 0.59, 2.57 1.23 0.57, 2.62
    Good



1.06 0.58, 1.95 1.08 0.59, 2.00 1.08 0.58, 1.99 1.08 0.58, 1.99 1.09 0.59, 2.02 1.11 0.60, 2.05 1.08 0.58, 2.00
    Poor



0.76 0.32, 1.81 0.79 0.33, 1.91 0.75 0.30, 1.83 0.75 0.30, 1.85 0.78 0.31, 1.93 0.79 0.32, 1.96 0.83 0.32, 2.15
How getting along financially

















    Does not manage well





— — — — — — — — — — — —
    Get by alright





1.77 0.27, 11.5 1.83 0.28, 12.0 1.83 0.27, 12.2 1.73 0.26, 11.6 1.72 0.26, 11.5 1.71 0.24, 12.0
    Manage quite well





2.26 0.35, 14.4 2.35 0.37, 15.1 2.36 0.36, 15.5 2.23 0.34, 14.7 2.21 0.34, 14.5 2.12 0.31, 14.7
    Manage very well





2.28 0.36, 14.5 2.36 0.37, 15.1 2.37 0.36, 15.5 2.21 0.34, 14.6 2.20 0.33, 14.5 2.16 0.31, 14.9
Self-rated mental health

















    Excellent/v good







— — — — — — — — — —
    Fair







0.97 0.43, 2.18 0.97 0.43, 2.18 0.97 0.43, 2.17 0.98 0.44, 2.19 0.92 0.41, 2.09
    Good







0.64 0.31, 1.34 0.64 0.31, 1.34 0.64 0.31, 1.34 0.64 0.31, 1.34 0.61 0.29, 1.29
    Poor







1.06 0.30, 3.72 1.06 0.30, 3.73 1.06 0.30, 3.75 1.04 0.29, 3.69 0.98 0.27, 3.52
Happy last week?

















    Yes









— — — — — — — —
    No









1.01 0.43, 2.35 1.05 0.45, 2.48 1.06 0.45, 2.49 1.10 0.46, 2.62
Give back to community?

















    Give back to community











— — — — — —
    Not so much











0.71 0.40, 1.26 0.72 0.40, 1.27 0.71 0.40, 1.26
Unpaid carer

















    Cared for sick/frail













— — — —
    Not a carer













0.51 0.05, 5.08 0.52 0.05, 5.23
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)

















    Feels > 3 years older















— —
    Feels > 3 years younger















1.87 0.61, 5.71
    Feels within 3 years of actual age















2.49 0.77, 8.06
Past GE turnout

















    None — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Voted in the past 39.5*** 16.3, 95.7 38.4*** 15.8, 93.4 36.7*** 14.9, 89.9 37.2*** 15.2, 91.4 39.7*** 16.1, 98.0 39.7*** 16.0, 98.4 39.7*** 16.0, 98.6 40.0*** 16.1, 99.6 44.0*** 17.3, 112
AIC 600
600
605
609
610
612
613
614
616
Log-likelihood -285
-284
-284
-282
-280
-280
-279
-279
-278
No. Obs. 1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
1,529
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Internet connection?

















    Yes — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No 0.66 0.32, 1.34 0.65 0.32, 1.33 0.65 0.32, 1.32 0.63 0.31, 1.29 0.64 0.31, 1.31 0.64 0.31, 1.31 0.65 0.32, 1.34 0.65 0.32, 1.34 0.67 0.32, 1.38
Felt lonely

















    Yes

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No

1.28 0.65, 2.50 1.22 0.61, 2.44 1.19 0.59, 2.41 1.25 0.61, 2.53 1.25 0.61, 2.55 1.23 0.60, 2.53 1.23 0.60, 2.52 1.20 0.58, 2.48
Self-rated general health

















    Excel/V good



— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Fair



1.11 0.55, 2.27 1.17 0.56, 2.44 1.15 0.55, 2.42 1.15 0.54, 2.42 1.16 0.55, 2.45 1.18 0.56, 2.49 1.18 0.55, 2.56
    Good



1.02 0.55, 1.88 1.04 0.56, 1.92 1.03 0.55, 1.92 1.03 0.55, 1.92 1.05 0.56, 1.95 1.06 0.57, 1.98 1.04 0.55, 1.94
    Poor



0.73 0.30, 1.75 0.76 0.31, 1.84 0.72 0.29, 1.77 0.72 0.29, 1.79 0.75 0.30, 1.87 0.76 0.30, 1.90 0.80 0.31, 2.09
How getting along financially

















    Does not manage well





— — — — — — — — — — — —
    Get by alright





1.72 0.26, 11.2 1.76 0.27, 11.6 1.77 0.26, 11.8 1.67 0.25, 11.2 1.66 0.25, 11.1 1.66 0.24, 11.7
    Manage quite well





2.15 0.34, 13.7 2.23 0.35, 14.3 2.23 0.34, 14.7 2.10 0.32, 13.9 2.08 0.32, 13.8 2.01 0.29, 14.0
    Manage very well





2.20 0.35, 14.0 2.28 0.35, 14.6 2.28 0.35, 15.0 2.13 0.32, 14.1 2.12 0.32, 14.0 2.10 0.30, 14.5
Self-rated mental health

















    Excellent/v good







— — — — — — — — — —
    Fair







0.99 0.44, 2.21 0.99 0.44, 2.21 0.98 0.44, 2.20 0.99 0.44, 2.21 0.94 0.41, 2.12
    Good







0.67 0.32, 1.39 0.67 0.32, 1.39 0.66 0.32, 1.39 0.66 0.32, 1.39 0.64 0.30, 1.34
    Poor







1.09 0.31, 3.84 1.09 0.31, 3.85 1.09 0.31, 3.87 1.07 0.30, 3.82 1.02 0.28, 3.65
Happy last week?

















    Yes









— — — — — — — —
    No









1.00 0.43, 2.34 1.05 0.44, 2.48 1.05 0.44, 2.48 1.09 0.46, 2.61
Give back to community?

















    Give back to community











— — — — — —
    Not so much











0.71 0.40, 1.25 0.71 0.40, 1.27 0.70 0.39, 1.26
Unpaid carer

















    Cared for sick/frail













— — — —
    Not a carer













0.54 0.05, 5.49 0.55 0.05, 5.57
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)

















    Feels > 3 years older















— —
    Feels > 3 years younger















1.87 0.61, 5.71
    Feels within 3 years of actual age















2.45 0.76, 7.92
Past GE turnout

















    None — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Voted in the past 41.0*** 16.6, 101 40.2*** 16.3, 99.4 38.3*** 15.4, 95.3 38.9*** 15.6, 97.0 41.1*** 16.4, 103 41.1*** 16.3, 103 40.8*** 16.2, 103 41.2*** 16.3, 104 44.7*** 17.4, 115
AIC 596
597
601
605
608
609
610
612
614
Log-likelihood -281
-280
-280
-279
-277
-277
-276
-276
-275
No. Obs. 1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
1,515
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age









    50-69 — — — — — — — — — —
    70-79 2.21*** 1.81, 2.71 2.22*** 1.81, 2.71 2.06*** 1.67, 2.54 2.30*** 1.86, 2.85 1.61*** 1.24, 2.07
    80+ 1.77*** 1.34, 2.33 1.77*** 1.35, 2.33 1.75*** 1.30, 2.34 2.38*** 1.75, 3.24 1.60** 1.14, 2.25
Sex









    Male

— — — — — — — —
    Female

0.95 0.82, 1.11 1.00 0.86, 1.16 1.09 0.93, 1.28 1.12 0.96, 1.32
Marital/relationship status









    Married/SP



— — — — — —
    Divorced/separated



0.49*** 0.40, 0.59 0.51*** 0.42, 0.62 0.54*** 0.44, 0.66
    Single



0.49*** 0.39, 0.61 0.53*** 0.42, 0.66 0.59*** 0.47, 0.75
    Widowed



0.65** 0.49, 0.87 0.71* 0.53, 0.96 0.68* 0.50, 0.92
Highest qualification









    Secondary





— — — —
    Below secondary





0.46*** 0.38, 0.57 0.49*** 0.40, 0.61
    Further/Degree level





2.31*** 1.90, 2.81 2.15*** 1.77, 2.62
    Other





1.31 0.95, 1.82 1.27 0.91, 1.76
Economic activity









    Retired (inc part)







— —
    FT carer + unemp.







0.48*** 0.34, 0.68
    In employment







0.67*** 0.54, 0.84
    LT sick/disabled







0.27*** 0.20, 0.37
AIC 4,668
4,669
4,587
4,400
4,333
Log-likelihood -2,331
-2,331
-2,286
-2,190
-2,153
No. Obs. 5,257
5,257
5,257
5,257
5,257
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficient plot of Models 6

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age











    50-69 — — — — — — — — — — — —
    70-79 1.59** 1.18, 2.13 1.59** 1.18, 2.14 1.50** 1.11, 2.03 1.61** 1.18, 2.19 1.60** 1.17, 2.19 1.58** 1.15, 2.17
    80+ 1.27 0.89, 1.80 1.27 0.89, 1.81 1.35 0.92, 1.96 1.69** 1.15, 2.49 1.69** 1.13, 2.51 1.64* 1.08, 2.49
Sex











    Male

— — — — — — — — — —
    Female

0.93 0.72, 1.20 1.03 0.79, 1.34 1.21 0.92, 1.59 1.25 0.94, 1.64 1.24 0.94, 1.64
Marital/relationship status











    Married/SP



— — — — — — — —
    Divorced/separated



0.44*** 0.30, 0.63 0.45*** 0.31, 0.65 0.44*** 0.31, 0.64 0.53** 0.36, 0.77
    Single



0.32*** 0.20, 0.49 0.31*** 0.20, 0.48 0.31*** 0.20, 0.49 0.36*** 0.23, 0.58
    Widowed



0.49*** 0.34, 0.70 0.53*** 0.37, 0.76 0.52*** 0.36, 0.74 0.55** 0.38, 0.80
Highest qualification











    Secondary





— — — — — —
    Below secondary





0.50*** 0.36, 0.69 0.50*** 0.36, 0.70 0.55*** 0.39, 0.77
    Further/Degree level





1.85*** 1.30, 2.63 1.85*** 1.30, 2.64 1.78** 1.24, 2.54
    Other





0.71 0.44, 1.12 0.72 0.45, 1.15 0.72 0.45, 1.15
Economic activity











    Retired (inc part)







— — — —
    FT carer + unemp.







0.30* 0.12, 0.76 0.30* 0.12, 0.76
    In employment







1.04 0.64, 1.68 0.98 0.60, 1.58
    LT sick/disabled







0.56 0.22, 1.42 0.68 0.26, 1.78
Housing tenure











    Owner









— —
    Mortgage









1.02 0.74, 1.42
    Renter









0.54** 0.37, 0.78
AIC 1,822
1,824
1,779
1,732
1,729
1,720
Log-likelihood -908
-908
-883
-856
-852
-845
No. Obs. 3,192
3,192
3,192
3,192
3,192
3,192
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 7

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Internet connection?

















    Yes — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No 0.44*** 0.31, 0.61 0.45*** 0.32, 0.62 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.46*** 0.33, 0.64 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69
Felt lonely

















    Yes

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No

1.43** 1.13, 1.82 1.21 0.95, 1.55 1.20 0.94, 1.53 1.19 0.93, 1.52 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.27 0.98, 1.64
Self-rated general health

















    Excel/V good



— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Fair



0.59*** 0.46, 0.76 0.61*** 0.47, 0.79 0.63*** 0.48, 0.82 0.61*** 0.47, 0.80 0.62*** 0.47, 0.81 0.62*** 0.47, 0.81 0.61*** 0.46, 0.80
    Good



0.57*** 0.45, 0.71 0.58*** 0.47, 0.73 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74
    Poor



0.25*** 0.18, 0.35 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.26*** 0.18, 0.36 0.26*** 0.19, 0.37 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.26*** 0.18, 0.37
How getting along financially

















    Does not manage well





— — — — — — — — — — — —
    Get by alright





1.14 0.80, 1.62 1.15 0.81, 1.64 1.17 0.82, 1.68 1.20 0.84, 1.71 1.19 0.83, 1.71 1.18 0.82, 1.69
    Manage quite well





0.97 0.67, 1.38 0.97 0.68, 1.39 1.00 0.70, 1.44 1.02 0.71, 1.46 1.02 0.71, 1.46 1.01 0.70, 1.45
    Manage very well





1.38 0.95, 2.02 1.37 0.94, 2.00 1.42 0.97, 2.07 1.40 0.96, 2.05 1.40 0.96, 2.05 1.39 0.95, 2.03
Self-rated mental health

















    Excellent/v good







— — — — — — — — — —
    Fair







0.82 0.63, 1.07 0.80 0.61, 1.05 0.80 0.61, 1.04 0.80 0.61, 1.04 0.79 0.60, 1.04
    Good







0.78* 0.61, 0.98 0.78* 0.61, 0.98 0.76* 0.60, 0.96 0.76* 0.60, 0.96 0.76* 0.60, 0.96
    Poor







0.85 0.57, 1.27 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.81 0.54, 1.21
Happy last week?

















    Yes









— — — — — — — —
    No









1.35* 1.02, 1.80 1.38* 1.03, 1.84 1.38* 1.03, 1.84 1.37* 1.02, 1.83
Give back to community?

















    Give back to community











— — — — — —
    Not so much











0.64*** 0.51, 0.80 0.64*** 0.51, 0.80 0.64*** 0.51, 0.79
Unpaid carer

















    Cared for sick/frail













— — — —
    Not a carer













0.86 0.50, 1.49 0.86 0.50, 1.48
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)

















    Feels > 3 years older















— —
    Feels > 3 years younger















0.92 0.66, 1.29
    Feels within 3 years of actual age















1.01 0.71, 1.43
AIC 3,616
3,608
3,544
3,540
3,541
3,536
3,520
3,522
3,526
Log-likelihood -1,794
-1,789
-1,754
-1,749
-1,747
-1,743
-1,734
-1,734
-1,734
No. Obs. 4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age

















    50-69 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    70-79 1.75*** 1.31, 2.33 1.74*** 1.30, 2.32 1.83*** 1.36, 2.45 1.84*** 1.37, 2.47 1.86*** 1.39, 2.50 1.88*** 1.40, 2.52 1.88*** 1.40, 2.53 1.88*** 1.40, 2.53 1.89*** 1.41, 2.54
    80+ 2.13*** 1.40, 3.24 2.11*** 1.39, 3.21 2.40*** 1.57, 3.67 2.37*** 1.55, 3.64 2.40*** 1.57, 3.68 2.41*** 1.57, 3.70 2.39*** 1.56, 3.67 2.39*** 1.55, 3.67 2.41*** 1.57, 3.71
Sex

















    Male — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Female 1.10 0.92, 1.31 1.10 0.92, 1.32 1.09 0.91, 1.30 1.08 0.90, 1.29 1.09 0.91, 1.30 1.09 0.91, 1.31 1.08 0.90, 1.29 1.08 0.90, 1.29 1.08 0.90, 1.29
Marital/relationship status

















    Married/SP — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Divorced/separated 0.60*** 0.47, 0.75 0.62*** 0.49, 0.77 0.64*** 0.51, 0.80 0.65*** 0.52, 0.83 0.66*** 0.52, 0.83 0.65*** 0.52, 0.82 0.66*** 0.52, 0.83 0.66*** 0.52, 0.83 0.66*** 0.52, 0.83
    Single 0.63*** 0.49, 0.81 0.66** 0.52, 0.86 0.66** 0.51, 0.85 0.66** 0.51, 0.85 0.66** 0.51, 0.86 0.65** 0.50, 0.85 0.67** 0.52, 0.87 0.66** 0.51, 0.86 0.66** 0.51, 0.86
    Widowed 0.76 0.54, 1.07 0.83 0.59, 1.18 0.82 0.58, 1.17 0.83 0.58, 1.18 0.83 0.58, 1.19 0.83 0.58, 1.18 0.86 0.60, 1.23 0.86 0.60, 1.23 0.86 0.61, 1.23
Highest qualification

















    Secondary — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Below secondary 0.55*** 0.43, 0.69 0.55*** 0.43, 0.70 0.60*** 0.47, 0.76 0.61*** 0.47, 0.78 0.61*** 0.47, 0.78 0.61*** 0.48, 0.79 0.64*** 0.50, 0.83 0.65*** 0.50, 0.83 0.65*** 0.50, 0.83
    Further/Degree level 2.15*** 1.74, 2.67 2.16*** 1.75, 2.68 2.08*** 1.68, 2.58 2.04*** 1.64, 2.53 2.00*** 1.61, 2.49 2.00*** 1.61, 2.48 1.96*** 1.58, 2.44 1.96*** 1.58, 2.44 1.96*** 1.58, 2.44
    Other 1.14 0.80, 1.62 1.17 0.83, 1.66 1.17 0.82, 1.67 1.19 0.83, 1.69 1.20 0.84, 1.71 1.22 0.86, 1.75 1.24 0.87, 1.77 1.24 0.87, 1.77 1.25 0.87, 1.78
Economic activity

















    Retired (inc part) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    FT carer + unemp. 0.44*** 0.30, 0.64 0.45*** 0.31, 0.65 0.47*** 0.32, 0.69 0.49*** 0.33, 0.73 0.50*** 0.34, 0.74 0.50*** 0.33, 0.74 0.49*** 0.33, 0.73 0.49*** 0.33, 0.73 0.49*** 0.33, 0.73
    In employment 0.64*** 0.50, 0.81 0.63*** 0.50, 0.81 0.58*** 0.45, 0.74 0.61*** 0.48, 0.78 0.61*** 0.47, 0.78 0.60*** 0.47, 0.78 0.59*** 0.46, 0.76 0.59*** 0.46, 0.76 0.59*** 0.46, 0.76
    LT sick/disabled 0.25*** 0.18, 0.35 0.27*** 0.19, 0.39 0.48*** 0.32, 0.70 0.51*** 0.34, 0.75 0.50*** 0.34, 0.74 0.50*** 0.34, 0.74 0.51*** 0.35, 0.76 0.51*** 0.34, 0.76 0.51*** 0.34, 0.76
Internet connection?

















    Yes — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No 0.44*** 0.31, 0.61 0.45*** 0.32, 0.62 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.45*** 0.32, 0.63 0.46*** 0.33, 0.64 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69 0.49*** 0.35, 0.69
Felt lonely

















    Yes

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No

1.43** 1.13, 1.82 1.21 0.95, 1.55 1.20 0.94, 1.53 1.19 0.93, 1.52 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.26 0.98, 1.63 1.27 0.98, 1.64
Self-rated general health

















    Excel/V good



— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Fair



0.59*** 0.46, 0.76 0.61*** 0.47, 0.79 0.63*** 0.48, 0.82 0.61*** 0.47, 0.80 0.62*** 0.47, 0.81 0.62*** 0.47, 0.81 0.61*** 0.46, 0.80
    Good



0.57*** 0.45, 0.71 0.58*** 0.47, 0.73 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74 0.59*** 0.47, 0.74
    Poor



0.25*** 0.18, 0.35 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.26*** 0.18, 0.36 0.26*** 0.19, 0.37 0.27*** 0.19, 0.38 0.26*** 0.18, 0.37
How getting along financially

















    Does not manage well





— — — — — — — — — — — —
    Get by alright





1.14 0.80, 1.62 1.15 0.81, 1.64 1.17 0.82, 1.68 1.20 0.84, 1.71 1.19 0.83, 1.71 1.18 0.82, 1.69
    Manage quite well





0.97 0.67, 1.38 0.97 0.68, 1.39 1.00 0.70, 1.44 1.02 0.71, 1.46 1.02 0.71, 1.46 1.01 0.70, 1.45
    Manage very well





1.38 0.95, 2.02 1.37 0.94, 2.00 1.42 0.97, 2.07 1.40 0.96, 2.05 1.40 0.96, 2.05 1.39 0.95, 2.03
Self-rated mental health

















    Excellent/v good







— — — — — — — — — —
    Fair







0.82 0.63, 1.07 0.80 0.61, 1.05 0.80 0.61, 1.04 0.80 0.61, 1.04 0.79 0.60, 1.04
    Good







0.78* 0.61, 0.98 0.78* 0.61, 0.98 0.76* 0.60, 0.96 0.76* 0.60, 0.96 0.76* 0.60, 0.96
    Poor







0.85 0.57, 1.27 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.82 0.55, 1.22 0.81 0.54, 1.21
Happy last week?

















    Yes









— — — — — — — —
    No









1.35* 1.02, 1.80 1.38* 1.03, 1.84 1.38* 1.03, 1.84 1.37* 1.02, 1.83
Give back to community?

















    Give back to community











— — — — — —
    Not so much











0.64*** 0.51, 0.80 0.64*** 0.51, 0.80 0.64*** 0.51, 0.79
Unpaid carer

















    Cared for sick/frail













— — — —
    Not a carer













0.86 0.50, 1.49 0.86 0.50, 1.48
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)

















    Feels > 3 years older















— —
    Feels > 3 years younger















0.92 0.66, 1.29
    Feels within 3 years of actual age















1.01 0.71, 1.43
AIC 3,616
3,608
3,544
3,540
3,541
3,536
3,520
3,522
3,526
Log-likelihood -1,794
-1,789
-1,754
-1,749
-1,747
-1,743
-1,734
-1,734
-1,734
No. Obs. 4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
4,536
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Stepwise models

Characteristic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Internet connection?

















    Yes — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No 0.59* 0.37, 0.95 0.57* 0.36, 0.93 0.61* 0.37, 0.98 0.61* 0.37, 0.98 0.60* 0.37, 0.98 0.61* 0.38, 0.99 0.65 0.40, 1.05 0.65 0.40, 1.05 0.65 0.40, 1.07
Felt lonely

















    Yes

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    No

1.86** 1.25, 2.78 1.55* 1.03, 2.34 1.54* 1.02, 2.33 1.54* 1.02, 2.33 1.64* 1.07, 2.51 1.65* 1.07, 2.53 1.64* 1.07, 2.52 1.62* 1.05, 2.49
Self-rated general health

















    Excel/V good



— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
    Fair



0.61* 0.39, 0.97 0.62* 0.39, 0.99 0.63* 0.39, 1.00 0.61* 0.38, 0.98 0.63 0.39, 1.00 0.63 0.39, 1.01 0.66 0.41, 1.06
    Good



0.72 0.48, 1.08 0.73 0.48, 1.09 0.72 0.48, 1.09 0.72 0.48, 1.09 0.74 0.49, 1.11 0.74 0.49, 1.11 0.74 0.49, 1.12
    Poor



0.29*** 0.17, 0.49 0.29*** 0.17, 0.50 0.30*** 0.17, 0.51 0.28*** 0.16, 0.49 0.30*** 0.17, 0.52 0.30*** 0.17, 0.52 0.32*** 0.18, 0.56
How getting along financially

















    Does not manage well





— — — — — — — — — — — —
    Get by alright





0.96 0.26, 3.59 0.98 0.26, 3.67 1.07 0.29, 3.99 1.01 0.26, 3.84 1.00 0.26, 3.82 1.02 0.27, 3.92
    Manage quite well





1.04 0.28, 3.87 1.07 0.29, 3.99 1.19 0.32, 4.46 1.12 0.29, 4.27 1.12 0.29, 4.27 1.13 0.30, 4.35
    Manage very well





1.05 0.28, 3.88 1.09 0.29, 4.06 1.21 0.32, 4.53 1.11 0.29, 4.24 1.11 0.29, 4.24 1.14 0.30, 4.37
Self-rated mental health

















    Excellent/v good







— — — — — — — — — —
    Fair







1.19 0.74, 1.91 1.19 0.74, 1.91 1.19 0.74, 1.91 1.19 0.74, 1.91 1.22 0.75, 1.97
    Good







1.07 0.70, 1.65 1.08 0.70, 1.67 1.06 0.69, 1.64 1.06 0.69, 1.63 1.07 0.69, 1.65
    Poor







0.82 0.43, 1.56 0.81 0.43, 1.55 0.81 0.43, 1.54 0.81 0.42, 1.54 0.83 0.43, 1.58
Happy last week?

















    Yes









— — — — — — — —
    No









1.44 0.82, 2.53 1.56 0.88, 2.77 1.56 0.88, 2.76 1.60 0.90, 2.85
Give back to community?

















    Give back to community











— — — — — —
    Not so much











0.58** 0.41, 0.83 0.58** 0.41, 0.83 0.59** 0.41, 0.83
Unpaid carer

















    Cared for sick/frail













— — — —
    Not a carer













0.76 0.21, 2.73 0.75 0.21, 2.72
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)

















    Feels > 3 years older















— —
    Feels > 3 years younger















1.28 0.67, 2.44
    Feels within 3 years of actual age















1.12 0.58, 2.17
AIC 1,373
1,364
1,348
1,354
1,358
1,357
1,349
1,350
1,353
Log-likelihood -671
-665
-654
-654
-653
-651
-646
-646
-646
No. Obs. 2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
2,708
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

Document version history

Changes from version 8

  1. Created two versions of the gap between biological and self-perceived age. Added them to descriptive and regression tables.
  2. Created a dichotomic version of the estimated probability of living to 85 and beyond.
  3. Amended the recording of past voting behaviour with missing recorded system misssing rather than no turnout.
  4. Added a full output version of Model 7.
  5. Misc. model optimisations

Changes from version 7

Added 4 series of models without past voting behaviour as covariate.

Changes from version 6

  1. Improved univariates for continuous variables (30)

  2. Added age 2 and 3 categories to tables in Section 4.1 & 4.2; 2019 GE turnout to tables in Section 4.2 & 4.3.

  3. Added a new recoded version of SR mental health, abilities and general health

  4. Renamed Tertiary ed as Further/Degree level.

  5. Fixed display of unrecoded univariate frequencies

  6. Amended multivariate analysis:

    • Removed household types
    • Removed age*sex interaction
    • Replaced past GE turnout with dichotomic version
    • New sets of stepwise tables including the new list of independent variables

Notes

DIGRAN (presence of granchildren) was not added to the regression models due to the small number of observations.

Changes from version 5

  1. Added digran,erlvolba,erlvolpe,exlo80,exlo90,psagf,sclfcoa,scorgch
  2. Added a section for descriptives of continuous variables
  3. Consolidated variables list in Section 1

Changes from version 4

  1. Recoded general and mental health as: Excellent/Very Good; Good/Fair; Poor. Warning: given the small number of obs for ‘poor’, this is likely to generate unreliable estimates

  2. Added four way tables of whether voted by age, sex, by all other variables.

  3. Revise model reference categories (see attached) Note: No list was attached, let me know if this needs rearranging, this is a very quick amendment to make

  4. In model tables listed previous vote at bottom of table; re order log likelihood and GoF stats.

  5. Checked and corrected 2005 GE turnout table

  6. Reorganised regressions tables so that all series of models include interaction of age by sex as the last model.

To do:

  1. Add continuous IVs to the 4 way tables in Section 5.1